Manifestaciones de la violencia de género expresadas a través del ciberacoso en los estudiantes de básica secundaria y media de la institución educativa Betsabé Espinosa de la ciudad de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Corro Borrero, Jahir Alberto
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: Ley 1098 de 2006 de infancia y adolescencia, ley 1273 de 2009 de delitos informáticos, comisión económica para América Latina y el Caribe CEPAL, ley 1257 de 2008 de violencia contra la mujer, ley 1620 de 2013 de violencia escolar, estadísticas de instituciones como la Fiscalía General De Nación, bienestar familiar y sentencias establecidas por la corte constitucional.
Objetivos: 1. Identificar las manifestaciones de la violencia de género y cómo éstas se expresan a través del ciberacoso en los y las estudiantes de básica secundaria y media de la institución educativa Betsabé Espinosa de la ciudad de Barranquilla. 2. Analizar las repercusiones en las dimensiones emocional, cognitiva y conductual de la violencia de género de los y las estudiantes afectados a través del fenómeno del ciberacoso. 3. Describir el sexting, la sextorsión y el grooming como las problemáticas frecuentes de violencia de género derivadas del acoso virtual en la población Estudiantil de Básica y media de la Institución Educativa Distrital Betsabé Espinosa de Barranquilla.
Materiales y Métodos: El diseño de investigación fue de tipo fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Fenomenológico debido a que busca describir lo que viven y sienten las víctimas de Ciberacoso. De igual manera, la investigación es hermenéutica porque se intenta interpretar, analizar y describir la experiencia de las víctimas de ciberacoso. En líneas generales, la investigación es de tipo descriptiva y de carácter cualitativo, es decir, se busca describir el fenómeno del ciberacoso, el comportamiento y sentimiento de las víctimas y las diferentes situaciones que han tenido que vivir los jóvenes durante su etapa académica en la Institución Educativa Betsabe Espinosa de Barranquilla. Se realizaron dos actividades particulares para recabar información sobre el fenómeno de estudio. Primero, un grupo focal de discusión en el que participaron 9 estudiantes de bachillerato de la Institución Educativa Distrital Betsabé Espinosa en Barranquilla. Los estudiantes seleccionados se encuentran entre los 13 y 18 años, estos, pertenecen al sector de estudiantes de la educación pública. El 60% de la población lo conforma el sexo femenino y el 40% sexo masculino y están cursando diferentes grados de bachillerato desde 6° hasta 11°. De igual manera, se realizó unas entrevistas en profundidad en la que participaron dos personas, una joven mujer de 16 años víctima de ciberacoso y un experto en el tema adscrita a la unidad de delitos sexuales del CTI De la Fiscalía General de la Nación. En consecuencia, la muestra varía en cada actividad instrumental.
Resultados: Comprender el conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes participantes sobre el ciberacoso y los diferentes fenómenos digitales asociados al mismo; comprender como interactúa el ciberacoso y los diferentes fenómenos digitales en las personas, los imaginarios que existen en la sociedad y la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de estos, pensamientos, emociones y conductas de los participantes, comprender como estas formas de violencia digital afectan las vidas de los participantes.
Conclusiones: De acuerdo a los resultados de investigación se concluyó lo siguiente:
1. Se reconoce como la violencia de género se expresa a través de los diferentes fenómenos virtuales.
2. Muchos comportamientos de las víctimas se asocian con la autolesión (cutting) y la violencia física hacia el acosador.
3. Muchos de los jóvenes “nativos digitales” no tienen conocimiento de las consecuencias que tienen los fenómenos informáticos como el sexting, la sextorsión y el grooming; haciéndose ellos y ellas partícipes de estos actos ya sea en el papel de víctima o victimario.
4. El ciberacoso para ejercer la violencia sobre la pareja o expareja supone una dominación sobre la víctima mediante estrategias humillantes que afectan a la privacidad e intimidad, además del daño que supone a su imagen pública.
5. Los estereotipos tradicionales que siguen existiendo en las relaciones sociales entre hombres y mujeres, con valores sexistas, se siguen proyectando en la violencia de género ejercida en el mundo de internet y las redes sociales.
Background: Law 1098 of 2006 on childhood and adolescence, Law 1273 of 2009 on computer crimes, ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Law 1257 of 2008 on violence against women, Law 1620 of 2013 on school violence, statistics from institutions such as the Office of the Attorney General of the Nation, family welfare and sentences established by the constitutional court. Objective: 1. Identify the manifestations of gender-based violence and how these are expressed through cyberbullying in high school and middle school students of the Betsabé Espinosa educational institution in the city of Barranquilla. 2. Analyze the repercussions in the emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions of gender violence of the students affected through the phenomenon of cyberbullying. 3. Describe sexting, sextortion and grooming as the frequent problems of gender violence derived from virtual harassment in the student population of elementary and middle school of the Betsabé Espinosa District Educational Institution of Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: The research design was phenomenological-hermeneutic. Phenomenological because it seeks to describe what the victims of cyberbullying experience and feel. Similarly, the research is hermeneutic because it attempts to interpret, analyze and describe the experience of the victims of cyberbullying. In general terms, the research is descriptive and qualitative in nature, that is, it seeks to describe the phenomenon of cyberbullying, the behavior and feelings of the victims and the different situations that the young people have had to live through during their academic stage at the Betsabe Espinosa Educational Institution in Barranquilla. Two particular activities were carried out to gather information on the study phenomenon. First, a focus group discussion in which 9 high school students from the Institución Educativa Distrital Betsabé Espinosa in Barranquilla participated. The selected students are between 13 and 18 years of age and belong to the public education student sector. Sixty percent of the population is female and 40% male, and they are in different grades of high school from 6th to 11th grade. Similarly, in-depth interviews were conducted with the participation of two people, a young 16-year-old female victim of cyberbullying and an expert on the subject attached to the sexual crimes unit of the CTI of the Attorney General's Office. Consequently, the sample varies in each instrumental activity. Results: To understand the knowledge that student participants have about cyberbullying and the different digital phenomena associated with it; to understand how cyberbullying and the different digital phenomena interact in people, the imaginaries that exist in society and the perception that students have of these, thoughts, emotions and behaviors of the participants, to understand how these forms of digital violence affect the lives of the participants. Conclusions: According to the research results, the following conclusions were reached: 1. It is recognized how gender violence is expressed through different virtual phenomena. 2. Many behaviors of the victims are associated with self-harm (cutting) and physical violence towards the stalker. 3. Many of the young "digital natives" are not aware of the consequences of computer phenomena such as sexting, sextortion and grooming; making them participants in these acts either in the role of victim or victimizer. 4. Cyberbullying to exercise violence on the partner or ex-partner involves domination over the victim through humiliating strategies that affect privacy and intimacy, in addition to the damage to their public image. 5. The traditional stereotypes that continue to exist in social relations between men and women, with sexist values, continue to be projected in gender violence exercised in the world of the Internet and social networks.
Background: Law 1098 of 2006 on childhood and adolescence, Law 1273 of 2009 on computer crimes, ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Law 1257 of 2008 on violence against women, Law 1620 of 2013 on school violence, statistics from institutions such as the Office of the Attorney General of the Nation, family welfare and sentences established by the constitutional court. Objective: 1. Identify the manifestations of gender-based violence and how these are expressed through cyberbullying in high school and middle school students of the Betsabé Espinosa educational institution in the city of Barranquilla. 2. Analyze the repercussions in the emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions of gender violence of the students affected through the phenomenon of cyberbullying. 3. Describe sexting, sextortion and grooming as the frequent problems of gender violence derived from virtual harassment in the student population of elementary and middle school of the Betsabé Espinosa District Educational Institution of Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: The research design was phenomenological-hermeneutic. Phenomenological because it seeks to describe what the victims of cyberbullying experience and feel. Similarly, the research is hermeneutic because it attempts to interpret, analyze and describe the experience of the victims of cyberbullying. In general terms, the research is descriptive and qualitative in nature, that is, it seeks to describe the phenomenon of cyberbullying, the behavior and feelings of the victims and the different situations that the young people have had to live through during their academic stage at the Betsabe Espinosa Educational Institution in Barranquilla. Two particular activities were carried out to gather information on the study phenomenon. First, a focus group discussion in which 9 high school students from the Institución Educativa Distrital Betsabé Espinosa in Barranquilla participated. The selected students are between 13 and 18 years of age and belong to the public education student sector. Sixty percent of the population is female and 40% male, and they are in different grades of high school from 6th to 11th grade. Similarly, in-depth interviews were conducted with the participation of two people, a young 16-year-old female victim of cyberbullying and an expert on the subject attached to the sexual crimes unit of the CTI of the Attorney General's Office. Consequently, the sample varies in each instrumental activity. Results: To understand the knowledge that student participants have about cyberbullying and the different digital phenomena associated with it; to understand how cyberbullying and the different digital phenomena interact in people, the imaginaries that exist in society and the perception that students have of these, thoughts, emotions and behaviors of the participants, to understand how these forms of digital violence affect the lives of the participants. Conclusions: According to the research results, the following conclusions were reached: 1. It is recognized how gender violence is expressed through different virtual phenomena. 2. Many behaviors of the victims are associated with self-harm (cutting) and physical violence towards the stalker. 3. Many of the young "digital natives" are not aware of the consequences of computer phenomena such as sexting, sextortion and grooming; making them participants in these acts either in the role of victim or victimizer. 4. Cyberbullying to exercise violence on the partner or ex-partner involves domination over the victim through humiliating strategies that affect privacy and intimacy, in addition to the damage to their public image. 5. The traditional stereotypes that continue to exist in social relations between men and women, with sexist values, continue to be projected in gender violence exercised in the world of the Internet and social networks.
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Palabras clave
Ciberacoso, Violencia de género, Redes sociales, Tecnologías de la información y comunicación, Cyberbullying, Gender-based violence, Social media, Information and communication technologies