Trabajo en plataformas digitales: un análisis desde el derecho comparado hasta las fallas en el ordenamiento Colombiano
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Rojas Bernal, Diego Armando
Guerrero Serpa, Lina Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En el presente artículo se desarrolla un análisis comparativo entre los países de Perú, Argentina, España, México y Colombia con relación a la regulación de la tendencia del trabajo mediante plataformas digitales que sin duda alguna contribuye notoriamente en la economía nacional y global.
En la última década, en Colombia ha existido un gran auge de plataformas tecnológicas que han generado un gran impacto a nivel social, pues estas han influido notoriamente en la economía del país, y es que bien estas plataformas agilizan el proceso entre producto/servicio y consumidor final, es por ello que frecuentemente se emplea la terminología “reinventar” y de la cual surgieron estas propuestas como lo son Rappi, Uber, Ifood, InDriver, etc., plataformas que han generado un impacto innovador y que con el desarrollo de la industria tecnológica no demoran en hacerse notar.
En Colombia la economía ha experimentado un alza significativa en los últimos años pues gracias a la creación de empresas digitales el cual han tenido un gran impacto dentro del mercado laboral, y es que ha contribuido de manera notoria en la disminución de la tasa de desempleo. Pero de la misma manera en que se ha vuelto un alivio para la economía, también ha generado diferentes controversias ya que se ha vuelto un problema difícil de resolver dentro del mercado laboral y desde el punto de vista normativo; el acceso al trabajo por medio de las plataformas digitales no tiene control del Estado, ni hay una regulación que proteja a los trabajadores que prestan servicios, lo que ha ocasionado el aumento de la informalidad y la precariedad.
Estas plataformas digitales no solo tienen un claro impacto en la economía colombiana, pues gracias a los avances tecnológicos estas empresas también tienen una gran incursión en el ámbito internacional, pues de manera fácil se han expandido a lo largo y ancho del mundo. Al amparo de todas estas aplicaciones
puestas a disposición de los internautas se ha creado una industria globalizada propia que utiliza las demandas o necesidades de los usuarios y les permite intercambiar información sobre los bienes y servicios que ofertan de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada uno en un mercado laboral mundial.
Esta nueva modalidad de trabajo contiene un desarrollo que ineludiblemente se debe regular y establecer bajos los principios generales del derecho y del derecho laboral, nuevas y buenas garantías con respectos a las personas que prestan el servicio ya que la normatividad con respecto a la regulación del funcionamiento de las plataformas digitales en Colombia han sido casi que nula, es decir, es escasa y las que actualmente se encuentran vigentes no dan una respuesta concreta a las necesidades de los trabajadores que prestan sus servicios por medio de las plataformas digitales, pues se encuentra a la libre disposición de cualquier persona amparado por la ley de TIC 1341 de 2009, en el artículo 15.
Sin duda alguna, la constante innovación en ámbito digital ha contribuido en las distintas formas de trabajo, que en entre otras cosas resultan ser atípicas, ya que los dueños de estas plataformas digitales desvirtúan su posición frente a la relación laboral que en ultimas y bajo una exegética interpretación, vendrían siendo sin duda alguna empleadores. Por lo anterior y najo la imperiosa necesidad que el pueblo colombiano acaece, entraremos analizar las diferentes posturas frente a las plataformas digitales y la incidencia dentro de las garantías laborales para con las personas que prestan el servicio en los países de Perú, Argentina, España, México y Colombia, con el fin de dar con las fallas del ordenamiento jurídico con respecto al tema y a su vez, proponer las posibles estrategias a emplear.
This article develops a comparative analysis between the countries of Peru, Argentina, Spain, Mexico and Colombia in relation to the regulation of the trend of work through digital platforms that undoubtedly contributes significantly to the national and global economy. In the last decade, in Colombia there has been a great boom in technological platforms that have generated a great impact at the social level, since they have had a noticeable influence on the country's economy, and it is because these platforms streamline the process between product / service and end consumer, which is why the terminology "reinvent" is frequently used and from which these proposals arose, such as Rappi, Uber, Ifood, InDriver, etc., platforms that have generated an innovative impact and that with the development of the technology industry does not take long to be noticed. In Colombia, the economy has experienced a significant improvement in the last years, thanks to the creation of digital companies which have had a great impact on the labor market, and has contributed significantly to the decrease in the unemployment rate. But in the same way that it has become a relief for the economy, it has also generated different controversies since it has become a difficult problem to solve within the labor market and from a regulatory point of view; Access to work through digital platforms is not controlled by the State, neither a regulation that protects workers who provide services, which has caused an increase in informality and precariousness. These digital platforms not only have a clear impact on the Colombian economy, because thanks to technological advances, these companies also have a great foray into the international arena, since they have easily expanded throughout the world. Under the protection of all these applications made available to Internet users, a globalized industry of its own has been created that uses the demands or needs of users and allows them to exchange information on the goods and services they offer according to the needs of each one in a world labor market. This new work modality contains a development that must inevitably be regulated and established under the general principles of law and labor law, new and good guarantees with respect to the people who provide the service since the regulations regarding the regulation of operation of digital platforms in Colombia have been almost null, that is, it is scarce and those that are currently in force do not give a concrete response to the needs of the workers who provide their services through digital platforms, since it is the free disposition of any person covered by the ICT law 1341 of 2009, in article 15. Undoubtedly, the constant innovation in the digital field has contributed to the different forms of work, which, among other things, turn out to be atypical, since the owners of these digital platforms distort their position in relation to the employment relationship that ultimately and under a exegetical interpretation, they would undoubtedly be employers. Due to the above and under the urgent need that the Colombian people have, we will analyze the different positions regarding digital platforms and the incidence within the labor guarantees for the people who provide the service in the countries of Peru, Argentina, Spain, Mexico and Colombia, in order to find the flaws in the legal system with respect to the issue and in turn, propose possible strategies to be used.
This article develops a comparative analysis between the countries of Peru, Argentina, Spain, Mexico and Colombia in relation to the regulation of the trend of work through digital platforms that undoubtedly contributes significantly to the national and global economy. In the last decade, in Colombia there has been a great boom in technological platforms that have generated a great impact at the social level, since they have had a noticeable influence on the country's economy, and it is because these platforms streamline the process between product / service and end consumer, which is why the terminology "reinvent" is frequently used and from which these proposals arose, such as Rappi, Uber, Ifood, InDriver, etc., platforms that have generated an innovative impact and that with the development of the technology industry does not take long to be noticed. In Colombia, the economy has experienced a significant improvement in the last years, thanks to the creation of digital companies which have had a great impact on the labor market, and has contributed significantly to the decrease in the unemployment rate. But in the same way that it has become a relief for the economy, it has also generated different controversies since it has become a difficult problem to solve within the labor market and from a regulatory point of view; Access to work through digital platforms is not controlled by the State, neither a regulation that protects workers who provide services, which has caused an increase in informality and precariousness. These digital platforms not only have a clear impact on the Colombian economy, because thanks to technological advances, these companies also have a great foray into the international arena, since they have easily expanded throughout the world. Under the protection of all these applications made available to Internet users, a globalized industry of its own has been created that uses the demands or needs of users and allows them to exchange information on the goods and services they offer according to the needs of each one in a world labor market. This new work modality contains a development that must inevitably be regulated and established under the general principles of law and labor law, new and good guarantees with respect to the people who provide the service since the regulations regarding the regulation of operation of digital platforms in Colombia have been almost null, that is, it is scarce and those that are currently in force do not give a concrete response to the needs of the workers who provide their services through digital platforms, since it is the free disposition of any person covered by the ICT law 1341 of 2009, in article 15. Undoubtedly, the constant innovation in the digital field has contributed to the different forms of work, which, among other things, turn out to be atypical, since the owners of these digital platforms distort their position in relation to the employment relationship that ultimately and under a exegetical interpretation, they would undoubtedly be employers. Due to the above and under the urgent need that the Colombian people have, we will analyze the different positions regarding digital platforms and the incidence within the labor guarantees for the people who provide the service in the countries of Peru, Argentina, Spain, Mexico and Colombia, in order to find the flaws in the legal system with respect to the issue and in turn, propose possible strategies to be used.
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Palabras clave
Plataformas digitales, Economía, Bienes y servicios, Prestación del servicio, Empresas digitales, Relación laboral, Digital platforms, economy, Goods and service, Service provision, Digital companies, Employment relationship