Creencias y percepciones sobre la probabilidad de contraer el coronavirus en trabajadores del sector de servicios
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Arevalo Salas, Erika Patricia
Benedetti Bernal, María Carolina
Correa Álvarez, Oscar Mauricio
De La Rosa Sánchez, Soredis Malena
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: El COVID-19, fue declarado pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud el 11 de marzo de 2020, lo que conllevó a tomar medidas como el aislamiento y/o distanciamiento social con el fin de reducir la trasmisión del virus y evitar que personas sanas entren en contacto con personas infectadas. La enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, las personas infectadas experimentan una enfermedad respiratoria de leve a moderada y se pueden recuperar sin necesidad de un tratamiento especial; aunque, las personas mayores o con problemas médicos subyacentes como enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes, enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y cáncer tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedades graves o de morir. Se han observado 135.646.617 casos confirmados de COVID-19 y 2,930,732 muertes a nivel mundial, en Colombia son 2.518.715 casos confirmados y 65.608 muertes.
Objetivo: Determinar las creencias y percepciones sobre la probabilidad de contraer el coronavirus en trabajadores del sector de servicios.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en 735 trabajadores de empresas del sector económico Servicios. Se usó el Modelo de Creencias en Salud para explorar cuatro dimensiones: Susceptibilidad percibida, Severidad percibida, Beneficios y Barreras percibidas; el cuestionario constaba de 24 preguntas, cada categoría contenía cinco (5) ítems, más cuatro preguntas adicionales sobre comportamientos y actitudes dirigidas a mejorar la salud general, dimensión denominada Motivación para la salud. El cuestionario utilizó la Escala de Borg de 0- 100 y las respuestas a cada pregunta fueron Nada en absoluto, Débil, Moderado, Fuerte y Máximo. Resultados: El 64,3% percibe como moderada y máxima la creencia de un posible contagio del coronavirus en los diferentes ámbitos y entornos del diario vivir. La actividad de lavado de manos y aplicación de gel de alcohol con regularidad el 48.6% de los colaboradores opinan que es factible mientras que el resto opinan que no es relevante para prevenir el contagio. El 40,7% de los sujetos
participantes en el estudio consideran fuerte la posibilidad de que las personas se alarmen más de lo necesario.
Background: COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, which led to measures such as isolation and / or social distancing in order to reduce the transmission of the virus and prevent healthy people come into contact with infected people. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, infected people experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and can recover without the need for special treatment; However, people who are older or with underlying medical problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illnesses or die. There have been 135,646,617 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 2,930,732 deaths worldwide, in Colombia there are 2,518,715 confirmed cases and 65,608 deaths. Objective: Objective: To determine the beliefs and perceptions about the probability of contracting the coronavirus in workers in the service sector. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in 735 workers of companies in the Services economic sector. The Health Belief Model was used to explore four dimensions: Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits and Barriers; The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions, each category contained five items, plus four additional questions on behaviors and attitudes aimed at improving general health, a dimension called Motivation for health. The questionnaire used the Borg Scale of 0-100 and the responses to each question were None at all, Weak, Moderate, Strong and Maximum. Results: 64.3% perceive as moderate and maximum the belief of a possible contagion of the coronavirus in the different areas and environments of daily life. The activity of hand washing and application of alcohol gel regularly, 48.6% of employees believe that it is feasible while the rest believe that it is not relevant to prevent contagion. 40.7% of the subjects participating in the study consider the possibility that people are more alarmed than necessary to be strong.
Background: COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, which led to measures such as isolation and / or social distancing in order to reduce the transmission of the virus and prevent healthy people come into contact with infected people. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, infected people experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and can recover without the need for special treatment; However, people who are older or with underlying medical problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illnesses or die. There have been 135,646,617 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 2,930,732 deaths worldwide, in Colombia there are 2,518,715 confirmed cases and 65,608 deaths. Objective: Objective: To determine the beliefs and perceptions about the probability of contracting the coronavirus in workers in the service sector. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in 735 workers of companies in the Services economic sector. The Health Belief Model was used to explore four dimensions: Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits and Barriers; The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions, each category contained five items, plus four additional questions on behaviors and attitudes aimed at improving general health, a dimension called Motivation for health. The questionnaire used the Borg Scale of 0-100 and the responses to each question were None at all, Weak, Moderate, Strong and Maximum. Results: 64.3% perceive as moderate and maximum the belief of a possible contagion of the coronavirus in the different areas and environments of daily life. The activity of hand washing and application of alcohol gel regularly, 48.6% of employees believe that it is feasible while the rest believe that it is not relevant to prevent contagion. 40.7% of the subjects participating in the study consider the possibility that people are more alarmed than necessary to be strong.
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Palabras clave
Covid-19, Creencias en salud, Trabajadores