Propagación y uso de olla de mono (Lecythis minor) en el Caribe Colombiano
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Molina Coronell, Estefania
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
El bosque seco tropical (BST) representa el 50% de las áreas boscosas en
Centroamérica y el 22% en Sudamérica. Sin embargo, en Colombia es uno de los
ecosistemas más amenazados debido al incremento de actividades agrícolas,
ganaderas y la tala excesiva. Una especie representativa del BST es Lecythis minor,
árbol que brinda múltiples beneficios al ecosistema y a la comunidad, éste presenta
la capacidad de soportar condiciones climáticas extremas siendo un buen candidato
para realizar programas de reforestación y como fuente de ingreso para campesino
de la región. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar las formas de reproducción
de esta especie, por medio de semillas y vegetativamente a través de los esquejes,
igualmente, conocer cuál es la percepción de la comunidad con respecto al BST y
L. minor. En el caso de las semillas fueron sometidas a tratamientos químicos y
físicos para su escarificación y acelerar el proceso de germinación, mientras que
para la reproducción vegetativa se utilizaron esquejes, que se colocaron en
recipientes con agua donde desarrollaron brotes, ramas y hojas. Por otra parte, para
conocer la percepción del BST y L. minor se realizó una encuesta que fue aplicada
en la comunidad. A partir de los resultados se determinó que la reproducción
vegetativa es más eficiente para la propagación de esta planta debido al rápido
desarrollo que mostraron los esquejes. Además, la mitad de los encuestados no
reconocen cuales son los usos de olla de mono y los productos no maderables que
se pueden obtener de la misma. Finalmente, se plantea establecer proyectos
ambientales que permitan dar a conocer las bondades de esta planta y desarrollar
programas de reforestación para obtener beneficios a futuro y conservar el bosque
seco tropical.
The tropical dry forest (BST) represents 50% of the forested areas in Central America and 22% in South America; however, in Colombia it is one of the most threatened ecosystems due to the increase in agricultural and livestock activities and excessive logging. A representative species of the BST is Lecythis minor, a tree that provides multiple benefits to the community and the ecosystem, it can withstand extreme weather conditions, being a good candidate for reforestation programs and as a source of income for farmers in the region. The objective of this research is to evaluate the forms of reproduction of this species, by means of seeds and vegetatively through cuttings, likewise, to know what the community's perception is regarding BST and L. minor. In the case of the seeds, they were subjected to chemical and physical treatments to scarify them and accelerate the germination process, while cuttings were used for vegetative reproduction, which were placed in containers with water where they developed buds, branches, and leaves. On the other hand, to know the perception of BST and L. minor, a survey was carried out and applied in the community. It was determined that vegetative reproduction is more efficient for the propagation of this plant due to the rapid development shown by the cuttings. In addition, half of the respondents do not recognize what are the uses of the monkey pot and the non-wood products that can be obtained from it. Finally, it is proposed to establish environmental projects that make it possible to publicize the benefits of this plant and develop reforestation programs to obtain future benefits and preserve the tropical dry forest.
The tropical dry forest (BST) represents 50% of the forested areas in Central America and 22% in South America; however, in Colombia it is one of the most threatened ecosystems due to the increase in agricultural and livestock activities and excessive logging. A representative species of the BST is Lecythis minor, a tree that provides multiple benefits to the community and the ecosystem, it can withstand extreme weather conditions, being a good candidate for reforestation programs and as a source of income for farmers in the region. The objective of this research is to evaluate the forms of reproduction of this species, by means of seeds and vegetatively through cuttings, likewise, to know what the community's perception is regarding BST and L. minor. In the case of the seeds, they were subjected to chemical and physical treatments to scarify them and accelerate the germination process, while cuttings were used for vegetative reproduction, which were placed in containers with water where they developed buds, branches, and leaves. On the other hand, to know the perception of BST and L. minor, a survey was carried out and applied in the community. It was determined that vegetative reproduction is more efficient for the propagation of this plant due to the rapid development shown by the cuttings. In addition, half of the respondents do not recognize what are the uses of the monkey pot and the non-wood products that can be obtained from it. Finally, it is proposed to establish environmental projects that make it possible to publicize the benefits of this plant and develop reforestation programs to obtain future benefits and preserve the tropical dry forest.
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Palabras clave
Bosque seco tropical, Conservación, Germinación, Esquejes, Tropical dry forest, Conservation, Germination, Cuttings