Prevalencia del criterio jurisprudencial de las cortes constitucional y suprema de justicia, sala laboral, en los procesos relativos a la estabilidad laboral reforzada por salud en Barranquilla para el año 2019
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Pérez Paz, Jorge Luís
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La estabilidad laboral reforzada es el mecanismo instituido para proteger al trabajador de ser despedido, sin la previa autorización del Ministerio de Trabajo, siempre y cuando se encuentre en debilidad manifiesta por circunstancias establecidas en la misma ley, lo anterior por cuanto puede generar tendencia a vulnerar los derechos de los trabajadores en su ámbito laboral.
Ahora bien, la estabilidad laboral reforzada por salud, tiene su sustento en el artículo 26 de la Ley 361 de 1997, sobre la interpretación de esta Norma la Corte Constitucional ha desarrollado la tesis según la cual el trabajador podría ser acreedor de la denominada estabilidad laboral reforzada junto con los beneficios que de ella se derivan demostrando que la patología que lo aqueja es lo suficientemente incapacitante o lo limita para desarrollar las actividades para las
cuales fue contratado, es decir no requiere una calificación de perdida de la capacidad laboral en un porcentaje específico para poder obtener los beneficios. Según estableció la Corte, esa justa causa para dar por terminado el contrato de trabajo no puede aplicarse de manera automática, por lo que deberá demostrar que el despido ocurre por razones distintas a la situación de salud del trabajador, es decir una causal objetiva, también demostrar que ha agotado todas las posibilidades para poder mantenerlo en la empresa, sea porque ha intentado reubicarlo o sea porque no es posible su reubicación en ningún cargo, ya que desmejoraría sus condiciones de salud. Es que, a juicio de la corte, carece de todo efecto jurídico la terminación del contrato de trabajo de una persona por razón de su situación de salud cuando no exista autorización previa de la autoridad de trabajo, que para el caso es a través del Ministerio del Trabajo. Con esta Sentencia se desarrolló, además, una compilación de los antecedentes Jurisprudenciales tanto de la Corte Constitucional como de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, estableciendo la diferencia de criterio entre una y otra.
Enhanced labour stability is the mechanism established to protect the worker from being dismissed, without the prior authorization of the Ministry of Labour, provided that he is in manifest weakness due to circumstances established in the same law, as this may lead to a tendency to infringe the rights of workers in his field of employment. However, health-enhanced labour stability is under article 26 of Law 361 of 1997, on the interpretation of this Standard the Constitutional Court has developed the thesis according to which the worker could be a creditor of the so-called reinforced labor stability along with the benefits derived from it by demonstrating that the pathology that causes it is sufficiently disabling or limits it to develop the activities for which he was hired, that is, it does not require a classification of loss of work capacity in a specific percentage to obtain the benefits. As established by the Court, that just cause for terminating the employment contract cannot be applied automatically, so it must demonstrate that the dismissal occurs for reasons other than the worker's health situation, i.e. an objective cause, also show that he has exhausted all possibilities to be able to keep him in the company, either because he has attempted to relocate him or because it is not possible to relocate him to any office, as it would break down his health conditions. It is that, in the court's view, the termination of a person's employment contract is of no legal effect because of his health situation where there is no prior authorization from the labour authority, which for that matter is through the Ministry of Labour. This Judgment also developed a compilation of the Jurisprudence background of both the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Justice, establishing the difference of judgment between them.
Enhanced labour stability is the mechanism established to protect the worker from being dismissed, without the prior authorization of the Ministry of Labour, provided that he is in manifest weakness due to circumstances established in the same law, as this may lead to a tendency to infringe the rights of workers in his field of employment. However, health-enhanced labour stability is under article 26 of Law 361 of 1997, on the interpretation of this Standard the Constitutional Court has developed the thesis according to which the worker could be a creditor of the so-called reinforced labor stability along with the benefits derived from it by demonstrating that the pathology that causes it is sufficiently disabling or limits it to develop the activities for which he was hired, that is, it does not require a classification of loss of work capacity in a specific percentage to obtain the benefits. As established by the Court, that just cause for terminating the employment contract cannot be applied automatically, so it must demonstrate that the dismissal occurs for reasons other than the worker's health situation, i.e. an objective cause, also show that he has exhausted all possibilities to be able to keep him in the company, either because he has attempted to relocate him or because it is not possible to relocate him to any office, as it would break down his health conditions. It is that, in the court's view, the termination of a person's employment contract is of no legal effect because of his health situation where there is no prior authorization from the labour authority, which for that matter is through the Ministry of Labour. This Judgment also developed a compilation of the Jurisprudence background of both the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Justice, establishing the difference of judgment between them.
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Corte Constitucional, Corte Suprema de Justicia, Derecho fundamental a la salud, Debilidad manifiesta, Dignidad humana, Estabilidad laboral reforzada, Fuero laboral, Fuero por salud, Jurisprudencia, Limitación y prevalencia, Constitutional court, Supreme Court of Justice, Fundamental right to health,, Manifest weakness, Human dignity, Reinforced labour stability, Labour force, Jurisdiction for health, Jurisprudence, Limitation and prevalence