Salud mental de universitarios víctimas del conflicto armado: una aproximación desde el método mixto
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Alarcón-Vásquez, Yolima
Bahamón, Marly Johana
Mercado Peñaloza, Mabel
Saavedra Guajardo, Eugenio
González-Gutiérrez, Orlando
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Editor
Saber UCV, Universidad Central de Venezuela
Resumen
Introducción: La condición de víctima del conflicto
armado supone la existencia de una serie de
alteraciones en el desarrollo vital del sujeto que
impactan la salud mental. Objetivo: Analizar factores
de riesgo y protección vinculados a la salud mental de
víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano. Materiales
y Método: Enfoque multimétodo y diseño concurrente
en el cual se aplicó las escalas de: depresión de
Zung, autoestima de Rosenberg, orientación vital
LOT-R, estrés percibido, satisfacción con la vida de
Diener, el inventario de ideación positiva y negativa
PANSI, de resiliencia SV-RES y una guía de entrevista.
Participaron 25 universitarios registrados ante la
unidad de víctimas de Colombia. Resultados: Los
datos sugieren un menoscabo en la salud mental de
los participantes, representado en sintomatología
depresiva, altos niveles de estrés y de ideación
vinculada al suicidio y bajos puntajes en los factores
de resiliencia. Así mismo, bajos niveles de autoestima y
optimismo. Las fortalezas se ubicaron en la presencia
pensamientos de protección frente al suicidio, tales
como el sentido de control, la autoconfianza, las
expectativas positivas, la alegría y la satisfacción
con la vida. Conclusiones: Las instituciones de
educación superior deben considerar la formulación
de programas que promuevan el bienestar psicológico
y la resiliencia en estos estudiantes.
Introduction: The condition of being a victim in the context of an armed conflict supposes the existence of a series of developmental disorders that might have an impact on mental health. Objective: Analyze risk and protection factors regarding the mental health of victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Material and Methods: Multimethod approach and concurrent design in which the Zung depression scale, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the LOT-R vital orientation scale, the perceived stress scale, the Diener life satisfaction scale, the PANSI positive and negative ideation inventory, the SV-RES resilience scale, and an interview guide. Twenty-five Colombian university students registered as victims participated in this study. Results: The data suggest a reduction in the mental health of the participants, represented in depressive symptomatology (although not clinical), high levels of stress, and the presence of ideation linked to suicide and low scores in resilience factors. Also, low levels of self-esteem and optimism. The strengths were only located in the presence of thoughts of protection against suicide, such as the sense of control, self-confidence, positive expectations, joy, and satisfaction with life. Conclusions: That higher education institution that receives these students contemplates the formulation of programs that promote psychological well-being and resilience among this population.
Introduction: The condition of being a victim in the context of an armed conflict supposes the existence of a series of developmental disorders that might have an impact on mental health. Objective: Analyze risk and protection factors regarding the mental health of victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Material and Methods: Multimethod approach and concurrent design in which the Zung depression scale, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the LOT-R vital orientation scale, the perceived stress scale, the Diener life satisfaction scale, the PANSI positive and negative ideation inventory, the SV-RES resilience scale, and an interview guide. Twenty-five Colombian university students registered as victims participated in this study. Results: The data suggest a reduction in the mental health of the participants, represented in depressive symptomatology (although not clinical), high levels of stress, and the presence of ideation linked to suicide and low scores in resilience factors. Also, low levels of self-esteem and optimism. The strengths were only located in the presence of thoughts of protection against suicide, such as the sense of control, self-confidence, positive expectations, joy, and satisfaction with life. Conclusions: That higher education institution that receives these students contemplates the formulation of programs that promote psychological well-being and resilience among this population.
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Palabras clave
Conflicto armado, Salud mental, Víctimas, Método mixto, Armed conflict, Mental Health, Victims