Intención hacia la actividad física en población adulta: antes y después de 4 meses del confinamiento social por la pandemia COVID-19
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Rios Cera, Kevin
Walteros Carballido, Franklin
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: Las principales causas de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles son la inactividad física, la cual se ha incrementado a nivel mundial. Se le atribuye a la inactividad física, 3.2 millones de muertes al año y más del 5% de las muertes a nivel mundial, convirtiéndose en el cuarto factor de riesgo de ECNT. Uno de los factores de la inactividad física es el bajo acceso a los espacios libres como los parques, senderos y zonas verdes, igualmente, a escenarios donde realizar un deporte u otra actividad física. La pandemia por el COVID 19 ha aislado socialmente a las personas sin oportunidad de acceder a espacios públicos y privados para realizar AF de manera libre o incluso, guiada por los expertos, lo cual expone a mayor riesgo de IF, CS y de ECNT, asimismo, la falta de espacio e infraestructura de los hogares para el ejercicio físico y falta de conocimiento técnico sobre rutinas de entrenamiento adecuadas lo cual ha ocasionado a que los niveles de AF disminuyan drásticamente. El Modelo Socio-Ecológico identifica una serie de circunstancias básicas relacionadas con el comportamiento activo y saludable, el cual está influenciado por una serie factores a nivel intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizacional, comunitario y público-político.
Objetivo: Determinar la intención hacia la actividad física en población adulta antes y después de 4 meses del confinamiento social.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en 812 personas mayores de 18 años de los departamentos del Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Magdalena de la costa caribe colombiana, a quienes se les entrevistó vía telefónica aplicando una encuesta basada en el modelo Transteórico de Prochaska-Diclemente que mide las etapas de cambio hacia la actividad física. La encuesta contiene preguntas sobre las características sociodemográficas de los sujetos tales como: rango de edad del que responde, sexo, nivel educativo, estrato socioeconómico, tipo de aseguramiento en salud y el área de trabajo. El paquete estadístico utilizado para el análisis estadístico fue el software SPSS versión 24.0. Para determinar la intención hacia la AF antes y durante los 4 meses del confinamiento obligatorio se realizó la prueba de chi2.
Resultados: El 50.5% de los participantes fueron hombres. En la etapa de Preparación, los sujetos de estudio mostraron una gran diferencia, puesto que, se duplicó el porcentaje después de cuarentena, de 11,6% a 24,1%, seguido a esto, se observa que el número de personas que están en las etapas de acción y mantenimiento, presentaron una reducción de la práctica de la AF después de los 4 meses de la pandemia de 11% al 9,1% y del 24% al 16,5% sucesivamente. Con respecto, a la intención de realizar actividad física de las personas según el rol cumplido en el hogar, los hombres (62,5%) tienen mayor intensión de hacer actividad física después de los 4 meses de la pandemia en la etapa de Acción y Mantenimiento en comparación con las mujeres (46,4%).
Conclusiones: Encontramos que la Precontemplación para realizar PA tuvo un ligero cambio después de la cuarentena, aumentó levemente. A continuación, los Preparadores, es decir, las personas con intención de iniciar una actividad física en los próximos días se duplicaron en porcentaje, esto en comparación con los que tenían la misma intención antes de iniciar la cuarentena. Por otro lado, el número de personas que realizaban actividad física regular presentó una reducción de hasta
un tercio en las que practicaban AF antes de la cuarentena con las que la realizaban posteriormente. De la misma manera, según el rol que se juega en el hogar varía, se observa claramente una reducción en las mujeres con planes de practicar AF antes de la cuarentena con aquellas con la misma intención después de la cuarentena; mientras que, por el contrario, los hombres mostraron una mayor tendencia a practicar AF regular después del período de cuarentena.
Background: The main causes of chronic non-communicable diseases are physical inactivity which have increased worldwide. It is attributed to physical inactivity, 3.2 million deaths per year and more than 5% of deaths worldwide, making it the fourth risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. One of the factors of physical inactivity is low access to free spaces such as parks, trails and green areas, likewise, to settings where you can perform a sport or other physical activity. The COVID 19 pandemic has socially isolated people without the opportunity to access public and private spaces to perform PA freely or even under the guidance of experts, which exposes them to a greater risk of FI, CS and CNCD, as well, the lack of space and infrastructure in homes for physical exercise and lack of technical knowledge about adequate training routines, which has caused PA levels to drop drastically. The Socio-Ecological Model identifies a series of basic circumstances related to active and healthy behavior, which is influenced by a series of factors at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and public-political levels. Objective: To determine the intention towards physical activity in the adult population before and after 4 months of social confinement. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 812 people over 18 years of age from the departments of Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Magdalena on the Colombian Caribbean coast, who were interviewed by telephone applying a survey based on the Prochaska-Diclemente Transtheoretical model that measures the stages of change towards physical activity. The survey contains questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects such as: age range of the respondent, sex, educational level, socioeconomic stratum, type of health insurance and area of work. The statistical package used for the statistical analysis was the SPSS software version 24.0. To determine the intention towards PA before and during the 4 months of compulsory confinement, the chi2 test was performed. Results: 50.5% of the participants were men. In the Preparation stage, the study subjects showed a great difference, since the percentage after quarantine doubled, from 11.6% to 24.1%, followed by this, it is observed that the number of people who are In the action and maintenance stages, they showed a reduction in the practice of PA after 4 months of the pandemic from 11% to 9.1% and from 24% to 16.5% successively. With regard to people's intention to carry out physical activity according to the role played at home, men (62.5%) have a greater intention of doing physical activity after 4 months of the pandemic in the Action and Maintenance compared to women (46.4%). Conclusions: We found that the Precontemplation to perform PA had a slight change after quarantine, it increased slightly. Following this, the Preparers, that is, the people with the intention of starting a physical activity in the next few days doubled in percentage, this compared to those who had the same intention before starting the quarantine. On the other hand, the number of people who performed regular physical activity presented a reduction of up to a third in those who practiced PA before quarantine with those who did it afterwards. In the same way, according to the role played in the home it varies, a reduction is clearly observed in women with plans to practice PA before quarantine with those with the same intention after quarantine; while, on the contrary, men showed a greater tendency to practice regular PA after the quarantine period.
Background: The main causes of chronic non-communicable diseases are physical inactivity which have increased worldwide. It is attributed to physical inactivity, 3.2 million deaths per year and more than 5% of deaths worldwide, making it the fourth risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. One of the factors of physical inactivity is low access to free spaces such as parks, trails and green areas, likewise, to settings where you can perform a sport or other physical activity. The COVID 19 pandemic has socially isolated people without the opportunity to access public and private spaces to perform PA freely or even under the guidance of experts, which exposes them to a greater risk of FI, CS and CNCD, as well, the lack of space and infrastructure in homes for physical exercise and lack of technical knowledge about adequate training routines, which has caused PA levels to drop drastically. The Socio-Ecological Model identifies a series of basic circumstances related to active and healthy behavior, which is influenced by a series of factors at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and public-political levels. Objective: To determine the intention towards physical activity in the adult population before and after 4 months of social confinement. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 812 people over 18 years of age from the departments of Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Magdalena on the Colombian Caribbean coast, who were interviewed by telephone applying a survey based on the Prochaska-Diclemente Transtheoretical model that measures the stages of change towards physical activity. The survey contains questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects such as: age range of the respondent, sex, educational level, socioeconomic stratum, type of health insurance and area of work. The statistical package used for the statistical analysis was the SPSS software version 24.0. To determine the intention towards PA before and during the 4 months of compulsory confinement, the chi2 test was performed. Results: 50.5% of the participants were men. In the Preparation stage, the study subjects showed a great difference, since the percentage after quarantine doubled, from 11.6% to 24.1%, followed by this, it is observed that the number of people who are In the action and maintenance stages, they showed a reduction in the practice of PA after 4 months of the pandemic from 11% to 9.1% and from 24% to 16.5% successively. With regard to people's intention to carry out physical activity according to the role played at home, men (62.5%) have a greater intention of doing physical activity after 4 months of the pandemic in the Action and Maintenance compared to women (46.4%). Conclusions: We found that the Precontemplation to perform PA had a slight change after quarantine, it increased slightly. Following this, the Preparers, that is, the people with the intention of starting a physical activity in the next few days doubled in percentage, this compared to those who had the same intention before starting the quarantine. On the other hand, the number of people who performed regular physical activity presented a reduction of up to a third in those who practiced PA before quarantine with those who did it afterwards. In the same way, according to the role played in the home it varies, a reduction is clearly observed in women with plans to practice PA before quarantine with those with the same intention after quarantine; while, on the contrary, men showed a greater tendency to practice regular PA after the quarantine period.
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Palabras clave
Actividad física, COVID-19, Modelo transteórico del cambio del comportamiento, Confinamiento Involuntario, Adulto, Physical activity, Transtheoretical model of behavior change, Involuntary commitment, Adult