Factores de la funcionalidad familiar asociados al rendimiento académico en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud en educación superior: una revisión sistemática
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Rocha Rodríguez, Cecilia
Santiago Sarmiento, Nurys
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La familia representa el pilar esencial y fundamental de toda sociedad,
pues en su interior se tejen lazos de consanguinidad, afectividad y afinidad que
condicionan el desarrollo de cada uno de sus miembros (1,2). Los hijos son los que casi
siempre reciben el mayor impacto de la estructura y funcionamiento de un núcleo
familiar; este impacto puede ser positivo o negativo (3). En este sentido, el ingreso a
una institución superior se convierte en un reto que el estudiante debe afrontar para
lograr titularse a nivel profesional, sin embargo, la familia también juega un rol
trascendental.
La literatura evidencia que el contexto social, cultural, institucional y familiar son
factores que influyen sobre el desempeño académico de los estudiantes universitarios
(4,5). No obstante, algunas situaciones en específico pueden convertirse en un
detonante para que dicho rendimiento sea el factor determinante de éxito o fracaso (6).
Objetivos: identificar los factores de la funcionalidad familiar asociados al rendimiento
académico de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud a nivel de educación superior,
según lo reportado en la literatura.
Materiales y Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las
siguientes bases de datos: PubMed (MedLine), Proquest, Scielo y Google Académico,
utilizando descriptores clave en inglés y español. En la estrategia de búsqueda se
tuvieron en cuenta los operadores booleanos AND y OR, así como la estrategia de bola
de nieve (snawballing) con el fin de ampliar la búsqueda. Se establecieron criterios de
selección para delimitar la búsqueda y se limitó en el periodo de 2010 al 2020,
guardando características éticas y metodológicas de rigor. De un total de 736
documentos encontrados, se seleccionaron 30 documentos para su análisis, mediante
el proceso de identificación, cribado, elegibilidad e inclusión del sistema PRISMA (7).
Resultados: los 30 documentos incluidos en la presente revisión fueron clasificados
teniendo en cuenta las siguientes variables: año de publicación, autores, tipo de
investigación, título, objetivo, metodología y resultados principales. Adicionalmente,
durante el proceso de revisión y análisis crítico y exhaustivo, emergieron factores
positivos y negativos de la funcionalidad familiar que se asocian de manera directa y
significativa con el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud en
educación superior.
Conclusiones: la literatura científica sobre funcionalidad familiar y su asociación con el
rendimiento académico en los estudiantes universitarios, aunque ha ido en aumento de
forma significativa, se ha desarrollado desde perspectivas diversas. Es por eso que se
requiere mayor integración y estudios de investigación que incluyan a la familia y a la
universidad como entornos próximos y de desarrollo de los estudiantes.
Esta revisión muestra importantes y significativos hallazgos que ayudan a comprender
la relación entre estas dos variables, por tanto, se espera que pueda servir de insumo,
antecedente y referencia para el diseño o establecimiento de futuros trabajos de
investigación e intervención en entornos familiares y universitarios. De igual forma, se
recomienda que en futuros estudios se amplíe el espectro de revisión hacia otras
carreras diferentes a las ciencias de la salud, para conocer con mayor profundidad
cómo se comporta el fenómeno del rendimiento académico versus funcionalidad familiar
de forma global
The family represents the essential and fundamental pillar of every society, since within it ties of consanguinity, affectivity and affinity are woven that condition the development of each of its members. Children are the ones who almost always receive the greatest impact from the structure and functioning of a family nucleus; This impact can be positive or negative. In this sense, entering a higher institution becomes a challenge that the student must face to obtain a professional degree, however, the family also plays a transcendental role. The literature shows that the social, cultural, institutional and family context are factors that influence the academic performance of university students. However, some specific situations can become a trigger for such performance to be the determining factor of success or failure. Objective: to identify the factors of family functionality associated with the academic performance of health sciences students at the higher education level, as reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: a systematic review of the literature was carried out in the following databases: PubMed (MedLine), Proquest, Scielo and Google Scholar, using key descriptors in English and Spanish. In the search strategy, the Boolean operators AND and OR were taken into account, as well as the snowball strategy in order to broaden the search. Selection criteria were established to delimit the search and it was limited to the period from 2010 to 2020, keeping ethical and methodological characteristics of rigor. Of a total of 736 documents found, 30 documents were selected for analysis, through the process of identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion of the PRISMA system. Results: the 30 documents included in this review were classified taking into account the following variables: year of publication, authors, type of research, title, objective, methodology and main results. Additionally, during the critical and exhaustive review and analysis process, positive and negative factors of family functionality emerged that are directly and significantly associated with the academic performance of health sciences students in higher education. Conclusions: the scientific literature on family functionality and its association with academic performance in university students, although it has been increasing significantly, has developed from different perspectives. That is why greater integration and research studies are required that include the family and the university as close environments and development of the students. This review shows important and significant findings that help to understand the relationship between these two variables, therefore, it is expected that it can serve as an input, background and reference for the design or establishment of future research and intervention works in family and university settings. Similarly, it is recommended that future studies broaden the spectrum of review to careers other than health sciences, in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the phenomenon of academic performance versus family functionality behaves globally.
The family represents the essential and fundamental pillar of every society, since within it ties of consanguinity, affectivity and affinity are woven that condition the development of each of its members. Children are the ones who almost always receive the greatest impact from the structure and functioning of a family nucleus; This impact can be positive or negative. In this sense, entering a higher institution becomes a challenge that the student must face to obtain a professional degree, however, the family also plays a transcendental role. The literature shows that the social, cultural, institutional and family context are factors that influence the academic performance of university students. However, some specific situations can become a trigger for such performance to be the determining factor of success or failure. Objective: to identify the factors of family functionality associated with the academic performance of health sciences students at the higher education level, as reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: a systematic review of the literature was carried out in the following databases: PubMed (MedLine), Proquest, Scielo and Google Scholar, using key descriptors in English and Spanish. In the search strategy, the Boolean operators AND and OR were taken into account, as well as the snowball strategy in order to broaden the search. Selection criteria were established to delimit the search and it was limited to the period from 2010 to 2020, keeping ethical and methodological characteristics of rigor. Of a total of 736 documents found, 30 documents were selected for analysis, through the process of identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion of the PRISMA system. Results: the 30 documents included in this review were classified taking into account the following variables: year of publication, authors, type of research, title, objective, methodology and main results. Additionally, during the critical and exhaustive review and analysis process, positive and negative factors of family functionality emerged that are directly and significantly associated with the academic performance of health sciences students in higher education. Conclusions: the scientific literature on family functionality and its association with academic performance in university students, although it has been increasing significantly, has developed from different perspectives. That is why greater integration and research studies are required that include the family and the university as close environments and development of the students. This review shows important and significant findings that help to understand the relationship between these two variables, therefore, it is expected that it can serve as an input, background and reference for the design or establishment of future research and intervention works in family and university settings. Similarly, it is recommended that future studies broaden the spectrum of review to careers other than health sciences, in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the phenomenon of academic performance versus family functionality behaves globally.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Familia, Funcionalidad familiar, Rendimiento académico, Educación superior, Ciencias de la salud, Family, Family functionality, Academic performance, Higher education, Health sciences