Factores interculturales y socioeconómicos de riesgo en embarazo de las adolescentes migrantes Venezolanas en la ciudad de Barranquilla 2018-2020
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Cuentas Bolívar, Ludys Esther
Rada Arrieta, Sandra Katherine
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: Se conoce que la movilización humana con población de mujeres, adolescentes y jóvenes venezolanas en Colombia como proceso migratorio es de preocupación nacional por su aumento en los últimos años, debido crisis humanitaria , por su inestabilidad política, con una crisis socio económicas reflejadas en las condiciones de precariedad, pobreza, desigualdad social que se vive en el país vecino, dicha población se encuentra con dificultades y vulnerabilidades asociada a elementos interculturales y económicos que le impiden la garantía de los derechos humanos y el acceso a servicios de salud, entre ellas la salud sexual y reproductiva, lo que hace que la población migre a otros países.
Objetivos: el objetivo general del estudio se direcciona hacia Identificar los factores interculturales y socioeconómicos de riesgo de embarazo en las adolescentes migrantes venezolanas, en el distrito Barranquilla durante el periodo 2018-2020.
Materiales y Métodos: Dentro de este estudio se propone una investigación de tipo correlacional, con un diseño no experimental, de campo y transaccional. Del mismo modo, la muestra se compone por un grupo de 40 jóvenes migrantes venezolanas, las cuales están registradas en la fundación Teknos y la fundación De Panas Que Sí. Se utilizó un instrumento tipo encuesta multipropósito, compuesto por 29 preguntas. El mismo fue construido por Rojas, Méndez y Montero, (2015), y fue adaptado a la realidad de las migrantes en riesgo de embarazo organizado por las autoras. El mismo es válido y confiable. Estadísticamente su fiabilidad se realizó con el coeficiente alfa de Crombach y su tendencia fue 0.794.
Resultados: una vez procesados los resultados de la investigación se logra evidenciar que dentro de las principales características sociodemográficas se halla que el 63, 6 % de las encuestadas se encuentran entre los 21 y los 22 años, el 55,9% tienen más de dos años en el país y el 61.8 % emigra a colombia para mejorar su situacion economica. Sobre los factores interculturales y socioeconómicos que influyen como agentes de riesgos de embarazo adolescentes migrantes venezolanas, se encuentra que el 70,6% viven en viviendas multifamiliares, con más de cinco personas en el 52,9% de los casos y con una edad de inicio de la vida sexual de los 16 a los 18 años en el 61.8% de las mujeres encuestadas. Por último, con relación a los mecanismos de protección del Estado y las familias en cuanto a la salud sexual y reproductiva de las adolescentes en riesgo de embarazo que en la calidad de las ayudas del gobierno colombiano para los migrantes que las mismas son regulares para el 41.2% y que los programas ofrecidos por Colombia para la inserción académica, social, política, económica son regulares en un 30%.
Conclusiones: Se constató que los programas ofrecidos por Colombia para la inserción académica, social, política, económica se considera que ha sido regular e insuficiente para cubrir las necesidades de la cantidad de jóvenes migrantes en riesgo de embarazo. Siguiendo con los mecanismos de protección a las jóvenes migrantes se detectó que las mismas no están vinculada a ningún programa de educación sexual respaldada por el ministerio de salud colombiano, que debería ser parte de una política de atención a migrantes. Sin embargo, algunas están vinculadas a unas ONG que apoyan a las mujeres migrantes y dan atención a las jóvenes en le prevención de embarazo, tales como la fundación De panas que sí y Americare. En consecuencia, de desconocer la existencia de políticas públicas para la atención en salud, educación y procesos de apoyo a las jóvenes migrantes, se determinó que ser migrante limita tener cobertura de los servicios de salud en Colombia.
Background: It is known that human mobilization with a population of Venezuelan women, adolescents and young people in Colombia as a migratory process is of national concern due to its increase in recent years, due to a humanitarian crisis, due to its political instability, with a socio-economic crisis reflected in the conditions of precariousness, poverty, social inequality that exists in the neighboring country, this population faces difficulties and vulnerabilities associated with intercultural and economic elements that prevent it from guaranteeing human rights and access to health services, including health sexual and reproductive, which causes the population to migrate to other countries. Objectives: the general objective of the study is directed towards Identifying the intercultural and socioeconomic factors of risk of pregnancy in Venezuelan migrant adolescents, in the Barranquilla district during the 2018-2020 period. Materials and Methods: Within this study, a correlational type investigation is proposed, with a non-experimental, field and transactional design. In the same way, the sample is made up of a group of 40 young Venezuelan migrants, who are registered in the De Panas Que Sí foundation. A multipurpose survey-type instrument was used, consisting of 29 questions. It was built by Rojas, Méndez and Montero, (2015), and was adapted to the reality of migrants at risk of pregnancy organized by the authors. It is valid and reliable. Statistically, its reliability was performed with the Crombach alpha coefficient and its trend was 0.794. Results: Once the research results have been processed, it is possible to show that within the main sociodemographic characteristics it is found that 63.6% of the respondents are between 21 and 22 years old, 55.9% have more than two years in the country and 61.8% emigrate to Colombia to improve their economic situation. Regarding intercultural and socioeconomic factors that influence Venezuelan migrant adolescent pregnancy risks agents, it is found that 70.6% live in multi-family dwellings, with more than five people in 52.9% of cases and with an age of beginning of sexual life from 16 to 18 years old in 61.8% of the women surveyed. Finally, in relation to the protection mechanisms of the State and the families regarding the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents at risk of pregnancy and the quality of the Colombian government's aid for migrants, which are regular for the 41.2% and that the programs offered by Colombia for academic, social, political and economic insertion are 30% regular. Conclusions: It was found that the programs offered by Colombia for academic, social, political and economic insertion are considered to have been regular and insufficient to meet the needs of the number of young migrants at risk of pregnancy. Continuing with the protection mechanisms for young migrants, it was detected that they are not linked to any sexual education program supported by the Colombian Ministry of Health, which should be part of a policy of attention to migrants. However, some are linked to NGOs that support migrant women and assist young people in preventing pregnancy, such as the De panas que si foundation and Americare. Consequently, if the existence of public policies for health care, education and support processes for young migrants was not known, it was determined that being a migrant limit having coverage of health services in Colombia.
Background: It is known that human mobilization with a population of Venezuelan women, adolescents and young people in Colombia as a migratory process is of national concern due to its increase in recent years, due to a humanitarian crisis, due to its political instability, with a socio-economic crisis reflected in the conditions of precariousness, poverty, social inequality that exists in the neighboring country, this population faces difficulties and vulnerabilities associated with intercultural and economic elements that prevent it from guaranteeing human rights and access to health services, including health sexual and reproductive, which causes the population to migrate to other countries. Objectives: the general objective of the study is directed towards Identifying the intercultural and socioeconomic factors of risk of pregnancy in Venezuelan migrant adolescents, in the Barranquilla district during the 2018-2020 period. Materials and Methods: Within this study, a correlational type investigation is proposed, with a non-experimental, field and transactional design. In the same way, the sample is made up of a group of 40 young Venezuelan migrants, who are registered in the De Panas Que Sí foundation. A multipurpose survey-type instrument was used, consisting of 29 questions. It was built by Rojas, Méndez and Montero, (2015), and was adapted to the reality of migrants at risk of pregnancy organized by the authors. It is valid and reliable. Statistically, its reliability was performed with the Crombach alpha coefficient and its trend was 0.794. Results: Once the research results have been processed, it is possible to show that within the main sociodemographic characteristics it is found that 63.6% of the respondents are between 21 and 22 years old, 55.9% have more than two years in the country and 61.8% emigrate to Colombia to improve their economic situation. Regarding intercultural and socioeconomic factors that influence Venezuelan migrant adolescent pregnancy risks agents, it is found that 70.6% live in multi-family dwellings, with more than five people in 52.9% of cases and with an age of beginning of sexual life from 16 to 18 years old in 61.8% of the women surveyed. Finally, in relation to the protection mechanisms of the State and the families regarding the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents at risk of pregnancy and the quality of the Colombian government's aid for migrants, which are regular for the 41.2% and that the programs offered by Colombia for academic, social, political and economic insertion are 30% regular. Conclusions: It was found that the programs offered by Colombia for academic, social, political and economic insertion are considered to have been regular and insufficient to meet the needs of the number of young migrants at risk of pregnancy. Continuing with the protection mechanisms for young migrants, it was detected that they are not linked to any sexual education program supported by the Colombian Ministry of Health, which should be part of a policy of attention to migrants. However, some are linked to NGOs that support migrant women and assist young people in preventing pregnancy, such as the De panas que si foundation and Americare. Consequently, if the existence of public policies for health care, education and support processes for young migrants was not known, it was determined that being a migrant limit having coverage of health services in Colombia.
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Palabras clave
Embarazo adolescente, Migración, Migración Venezolana, Adolescent pregnancy, Migration, Venezuelan migration