Análisis del ámbito de protección jurídica al paciente frente a un error en el diagnóstico médico en Colombia
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Albarracín Morantes, Leidy Paola
Cifuentes Maldonado, María Fernanda
Montero Lindarte, Cynthia Pamela
Osorio Villamizar, Hipólito
Remolina Ortiz, Laura Banesa
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Con el propósito de identificar cuál es la protección jurídica que existe en Colombia para un paciente que ha sido víctima de un error de diagnóstico médico, en este artículo se analizan las distintas fuentes normativas y jurisprudenciales que fundamentan los mecanismos judiciales existentes en el país para garantizar el restablecimiento de los derechos y la indemnización de los perjuicios para el usuario de la salud afectado por una mala praxis. Este estudio se aborda a partir de un análisis documental bajo el enfoque cualitativo – hermenéutico, utilizando como instrumento la matriz de análisis legal y jurisprudencial para verificar la incidencia de la práctica médica en el entorno socio jurídico del país, teniendo en cuenta que una falla en el servicio representa un problema de salud pública, en la medida en que constituye una amenaza que puede vulnerar la seguridad del paciente y acarrearle consecuencias lamentables, tanto para él como para sus familiares, lo que conlleva a que cada día sean más las demandas judiciales en ejercicio de la acción de tutela, la acción de responsabilidad civil contractual o extracontractual y el medio de control de reparación directa, buscando que a través de dichos mecanismos se amparen los derechos vulnerados o amenazados y se resarzan los daños causados, lo que permite concluir que la posición jurisprudencial de los máximos tribunales, ha sido la de garantizar la protección de los pacientes y sus familiares que han visto afectada su salud y menoscabados sus derechos como consecuencia de errores en el diagnóstico.
In order to identify what is the legal protection that exists in Colombia for a patient who has been the victim of a medical diagnosis error, this article analyzes the different regulatory and jurisprudential sources that support the judicial mechanisms existing in the country to guarantee the restoration of rights and compensation for damages for the health user affected by bad practice. This study is approached from a documentary analysis under the qualitative-hermeneutic approach, using as an instrument the matrix of legal and jurisprudential analysis to verify the incidence of medical practice in the socio-legal environment of the country, taking into account that a failure in the service represents a public health problem, insofar as it constitutes a threat that may violate the safety of the patient and lead to unfortunate consequences, both for him and for his relatives, which leads to an increasing number of lawsuits in exercise of the action of guardianship, the action of contractual or non-contractual civil responsibility and the means of control of direct reparation, seeking that through these mechanisms the rights violated or threatened are protected and the damages caused are compensated, which allows to conclude that the jurisprudential position of the highest courts has been to guarantee the protection of patients and their relatives who have seen their health affected and their rights undermined as a result of errors in diagnosis. Keywords: patient, medical-health user, medical diagnosis error, legal protection, medical liability.
In order to identify what is the legal protection that exists in Colombia for a patient who has been the victim of a medical diagnosis error, this article analyzes the different regulatory and jurisprudential sources that support the judicial mechanisms existing in the country to guarantee the restoration of rights and compensation for damages for the health user affected by bad practice. This study is approached from a documentary analysis under the qualitative-hermeneutic approach, using as an instrument the matrix of legal and jurisprudential analysis to verify the incidence of medical practice in the socio-legal environment of the country, taking into account that a failure in the service represents a public health problem, insofar as it constitutes a threat that may violate the safety of the patient and lead to unfortunate consequences, both for him and for his relatives, which leads to an increasing number of lawsuits in exercise of the action of guardianship, the action of contractual or non-contractual civil responsibility and the means of control of direct reparation, seeking that through these mechanisms the rights violated or threatened are protected and the damages caused are compensated, which allows to conclude that the jurisprudential position of the highest courts has been to guarantee the protection of patients and their relatives who have seen their health affected and their rights undermined as a result of errors in diagnosis. Keywords: patient, medical-health user, medical diagnosis error, legal protection, medical liability.
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Palabras clave
Paciente, Error de diagnóstico médico, Protección jurídica, Responsabilidad médica, Patient, Medical-health user, Medical diagnosis error, Legal protection, Medical liability