Tendencias en la mortalidad por accidente cerebrovascular en Colombia durante el periodo 1985 a 2014
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Guerrero Agámez, Dustin
Pestana Utria, Gustavo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: Los accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) a nivel mundial son una
de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad. Ocurre cuando hay muerte
súbita de algunas células cerebrales debido a la falta de oxígeno cuando se pierde
el flujo sanguíneo al cerebro por bloqueo o ruptura de una arteria, también es una
causa importante de demencia y depresión. En Colombia se requiere obtener
estimaciones actualizadas y precisas de la carga del ACV (medido por la mortalidad)
y su tendencia, lo cual es crucial para la planificación y evaluación de las acciones
específicas llevadas a cabo desde el gobierno nacional a través de los organismos
de salud; sin embargo, dado que no se han encontrado trabajos en el país que
muestren un comportamiento amplio de la mortalidad por este evento, surgió la
necesidad de llevar a cabo el presente trabajo, ya que es importante conocer las
tendencias en la mortalidad por este evento para poder llegar a identificar
variaciones que pudieran estar relacionadas con la prestación de los servicios de
salud y con cambios demográficos, epidemiológicos y de estilos de vida en la
sociedad, lo que a su vez permitirá obtener evidencia científica para las guías de
prevención y manejo de ACV.
Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento de las tasas de mortalidad por
enfermedades cerebrovasculares en Colombia, durante el período 1985 a 2014.
Materiales y métodos: La información de mortalidad fue consolidada de las
defunciones no fetales de las bases de datos de mortalidad del Departamento
Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) de 1985 a 2014. Se incluyeron, en
hombres y mujeres, el código de causa básica “055” (CIE10).). Se utilizó la
población anual estimada por el DANE 1985-2014 por grupos quinquenales de edad
a partir de las proyecciones nacionales y departamentales. Para calcular las tasas
nacionales, regionales y departamentales (lugar de residencia) se utilizó toda la
población del periodo por grupos quinquenales de edad en cada uno de los seis
quinquenios de 1985 a 2014. Las tasas fueron ajustadas por edad por el método
directo.
Resultados: Fueron incluidos en el análisis 374.713 registros de hombres y mujeres
fallecidos. Las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad por edad pasaron de 40.62 x
100.000 en 1985 a 1989 a 26.29 x 100.000 en 2010 a 2014. A medida que la edad
avanza las tasas son extremadamente mayores, las tasas cuyo valor fue más alto,
se encontraron en las regiones Andina y Pacífica con valores de 25.59 x 100,000 y
28.65 x 100.000 respectivamente en 2010 a 2014. Por departamentos se
encontraron tasas superiores a las nacionales en Antioquia, Atlántico, Bogotá,
Caldas, Huila, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Valle del Cauca
y San Andrés y Providencia
Conclusiones: Colombia sigue un patrón similar al de los países de altos ingresos,
ya que la tendencia de la mortalidad es a la disminución, se encontraron tasas
similares a otros estudios realizados para la mortalidad en Colombia y se destaca
la importancia de llevar a cabo medidas preventivas para disminuir la mortalidad.
Background: Strokes worldwide are one of the leading causes of death and disability. It occurs when there is sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when blood flow to the brain is lost due to blockage or rupture of an artery, it is also a major cause of dementia and depression. In Colombia, it is necessary to obtain updated and accurate estimates of the stroke burden (measured by mortality) and its trend, which is crucial for planning and evaluating the specific actions carried out by the national government through the agencies of Health; however, given that no studies have been found in the country that show a broad behavior of mortality due to this event, the need to carry out the present study arose, since it is important to know the trends in mortality due to this event in order to be able to identify variations that could be related to the provision of health services and to demographic, epidemiological and lifestyle changes in society, which in turn will allow obtaining scientific evidence for stroke prevention and management guidelines. Objective: To determine the behavior of cerebrovascular diseases rates in Colombia, during the period 1985 to 2014. Materials and methods: The mortality information was consolidated from the nonfetal deaths of the mortality databases of the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) from 1985 to 2014. The basic cause codes were included men and women: “055” (ICD10). The annual population estimated by DANE 1985- 2014 was used by five-year age groups based on national and departmental projections. To calculate the national, regional and departmental rates (place of residence) the entire population of the period was used by five-year age groups in each of the six five-year periods from 1985 to 2014. The rates were adjusted by age by the direct method. Results: 374,713 records of deceased men and women were included in the analysis. Standardized mortality rates by age, went from 40.62 x 100,000 in 1985 to 1989 to 26.29 x 100,000 in 2010 to 2014. As age progresses the rates are extremely higher, the regions Andean and Pacific reaches the higher values with 25.59 x 100,000 and 28.65 x 100,000 respectively in 2010 to 2014. Conclusions: Colombia follows a similar pattern of the high-income countries, because the trend in mortality is to decrease, similar mortality rates were found in other studies carried out for mortality in Colombia and we stand out the importance of preventive measures to decrease mortality
Background: Strokes worldwide are one of the leading causes of death and disability. It occurs when there is sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when blood flow to the brain is lost due to blockage or rupture of an artery, it is also a major cause of dementia and depression. In Colombia, it is necessary to obtain updated and accurate estimates of the stroke burden (measured by mortality) and its trend, which is crucial for planning and evaluating the specific actions carried out by the national government through the agencies of Health; however, given that no studies have been found in the country that show a broad behavior of mortality due to this event, the need to carry out the present study arose, since it is important to know the trends in mortality due to this event in order to be able to identify variations that could be related to the provision of health services and to demographic, epidemiological and lifestyle changes in society, which in turn will allow obtaining scientific evidence for stroke prevention and management guidelines. Objective: To determine the behavior of cerebrovascular diseases rates in Colombia, during the period 1985 to 2014. Materials and methods: The mortality information was consolidated from the nonfetal deaths of the mortality databases of the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) from 1985 to 2014. The basic cause codes were included men and women: “055” (ICD10). The annual population estimated by DANE 1985- 2014 was used by five-year age groups based on national and departmental projections. To calculate the national, regional and departmental rates (place of residence) the entire population of the period was used by five-year age groups in each of the six five-year periods from 1985 to 2014. The rates were adjusted by age by the direct method. Results: 374,713 records of deceased men and women were included in the analysis. Standardized mortality rates by age, went from 40.62 x 100,000 in 1985 to 1989 to 26.29 x 100,000 in 2010 to 2014. As age progresses the rates are extremely higher, the regions Andean and Pacific reaches the higher values with 25.59 x 100,000 and 28.65 x 100,000 respectively in 2010 to 2014. Conclusions: Colombia follows a similar pattern of the high-income countries, because the trend in mortality is to decrease, similar mortality rates were found in other studies carried out for mortality in Colombia and we stand out the importance of preventive measures to decrease mortality
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Palabras clave
Mortalidad, Enfermedades cerebrovasculares, Tasas estandarizadas por edad, Mortality, cerebrovascular diseases, Standardized rate by age