Percepción de la capacidad de trabajo y calidad de vida en empleados de la región caribe Colombiana
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Alvarado Sanchez, Karol Gisselle
Alvarado Sanchez, Natalia Margarita
Buelvas Luna, Heisa Maria
Caballero Ibanez, Greicy Judith
Castillo De Andreis, Rafael Andres
Chávez Barraza, Zaida Patricia
Cortes Ríos, Laura
De León Horlandy, Andrés Alfonso
Duarte Espinoza, Cindy Johana
Duran Arroyo, Gretel Lucia
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: La capacidad del trabajo (CT) se define como el potencial de una persona para realizar una determinada tarea en un tiempo determinado, acorde a las exigencias del trabajo; el Índice de Capacidad de Trabajo (ICT), el cual es un indicador basado en la percepción del trabajador sobre su capacidad para desempeñarse de su trabajo. Toda persona durante su vida laboral demuestra diferentes capacidades en las tareas asignadas, con el transcurrir del tiempo, estás pueden disminuir debido a los procesos de envejecimiento o de diferentes condiciones de salud. La capacidad laboral de un individuo se puede afectar por múltiples factores relacionados con el ambiente laboral y socio familiar, el estado de salud mental y físico del trabajador, la edad, el sexo entre otras, se ha reportado que un ICT bajo se asocia en mayor medida con ausentismo por enfermedad. El potencial para desarrollar la tarea o labor asignada al trabajador se puede afectar por la experiencia laboral, así mismo una menor percepción de bienestar y salud se asocia con un bajo desempeño en el trabajo.
Este estudio permitirá conocer información sobre la satisfacción de los trabajadores con relación a su labor y el entorno al que hace parte, y como podrá desempeñarse a futuro.
Esta investigación es relevante, porque va dirigido a los trabajadores que son la parte más importante en las organizaciones, para conocer desde su percepción, las competencias, aptitudes y destrezas de orden mental, físico y social que le permiten la ejecución de su trabajo para alcanzar y lograr los objetivos de la empresa. Permitirá a las organizaciones de la región caribe con base en los resultados tomar medidas y presentar alternativas para mejorar la percepción de CT.
Objetivo: Identificar la percepción de capacidad de trabajo y calidad de vida en trabajadores de la región caribe colombiana
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en 1052 trabajadores de empresas ubicadas en los departamentos del Atlántico, Bolívar y Cesar. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Cuestionario Índice de Capacidad de Trabajo y el Cuestionario SF-12. Igualmente, un cuestionario con preguntas sobre las variables sociodemográficas
como: Sexo, Edad, Estrato Socioeconómico, Estado civil, Aseguramiento en salud, Nivel educativo y tipo de Área residencial. Se indagó sobre las siguientes variables laborales: Jornada laboral, Horas laborales, Ausentismo, Antigüedad en el trabajo y en el cargo.
Resultados: El 64,5% de los sujetos tienen una excelente capacidad de trabajo, el 27% se categorizaron como Buena, el 7,6% Moderada y el 0,9% equivalente a 9 personas tiene una CT pobre (Tabla 6). Tres dimensiones de la calidad de vida con porcentajes de una pobre o baja calidad de vida para tener en cuenta, Salud General en un 29,2%, Rol Físico en un 21,5% y Funcionamiento social en un 23% de los trabajadores.
Conclusiones: La capacidad de trabajo excelente fue percibida por la mayoría de los trabajadores, aunque otra proporción considerable obtuvo valores menores. Se recomienda a la población trabajadora participar activamente en los programas enfocados a mejorar el clima laboral nivel personal e interpersonal y los estilos de vida saludable que programe la empresa o de manera personal. Asimismo, mantener la competencia profesional por medio de la actualización continua
Background: Work capacity (TC) is defined as the potential of a person to perform a cetarina task in a certain time, according to the demands of the job; the Work Capacity Index (ICT), which is an indicator based on the worker's perception of their ability to perform their job. Every person during their working life shows different capacities in the assigned tasks, with the passage of time, these can decrease due to the aging processes or different health conditions. The work capacity of an individual can be affected by multiple factors related to the work environment and family partner, the mental and physical health of the worker, age, sex, among others, it has been reported that a low ICT is associated with greater measured with sick leave. The potential to develop the task or work assigned to the worker can be affected by work experience, likewise a lower perception of well-being and health is associated with poor performance at work. This study will provide information on the satisfaction of workers in relation to their work and the environment to which they are part, and how they can perform in the future. This research is relevant, because it is aimed at workers who are the mes important part of organizations, to unos from their perception, the competences, aptitudes and skills of mental, physical and social order that allow them to carry out their work to achieve and achieve the objectives of the Company. It will allow organizations in the Caribbean region based on the results to take measures and present alternatives to improve the perception of TC. Objective: Identify the perception of work capacity and quality of life in workers in the Colombian Caribbean region Materials and Methods: Descriptive study in 1052 workers of companies located in the departments of Atlántico, Bolívar and Cesar. The instruments of the Work Capacity Index Questionnaire and the SF-12 Questionnaire were applied. Likewise, a questionnaire with cuestionas about sociodemographic variables such as: Sex, Age, Socioeconomic Stratum, Marital status, Health insurance, Educational level and type of residential area. The following labor variables were investigated: Working hours, Working hours, Absenteeism, Length of time at work and in office. Results: 64.5% of the subjects have excellent work capacity, 27% were categorized as Good, 7.6% Moderate and 0.9% equivalent to 9 people have poor TC (Table 6). Three dimensions of quality of life with percentages of a poor or low quality of life to take into account, General Health in 29.2%, Physical Role in 21.5% and Social functioning in 23% of the workers. Conclusions: Excellent work capacity was perceived by the majority of workers, although another considerable proportion obtained lower values. The working population is recommended to actively participate in programs focused on improving the personal and interpersonal work environment and healthy lifestyles programmed by the company or personally. Likewise, maintain professional competence through continuous updating
Background: Work capacity (TC) is defined as the potential of a person to perform a cetarina task in a certain time, according to the demands of the job; the Work Capacity Index (ICT), which is an indicator based on the worker's perception of their ability to perform their job. Every person during their working life shows different capacities in the assigned tasks, with the passage of time, these can decrease due to the aging processes or different health conditions. The work capacity of an individual can be affected by multiple factors related to the work environment and family partner, the mental and physical health of the worker, age, sex, among others, it has been reported that a low ICT is associated with greater measured with sick leave. The potential to develop the task or work assigned to the worker can be affected by work experience, likewise a lower perception of well-being and health is associated with poor performance at work. This study will provide information on the satisfaction of workers in relation to their work and the environment to which they are part, and how they can perform in the future. This research is relevant, because it is aimed at workers who are the mes important part of organizations, to unos from their perception, the competences, aptitudes and skills of mental, physical and social order that allow them to carry out their work to achieve and achieve the objectives of the Company. It will allow organizations in the Caribbean region based on the results to take measures and present alternatives to improve the perception of TC. Objective: Identify the perception of work capacity and quality of life in workers in the Colombian Caribbean region Materials and Methods: Descriptive study in 1052 workers of companies located in the departments of Atlántico, Bolívar and Cesar. The instruments of the Work Capacity Index Questionnaire and the SF-12 Questionnaire were applied. Likewise, a questionnaire with cuestionas about sociodemographic variables such as: Sex, Age, Socioeconomic Stratum, Marital status, Health insurance, Educational level and type of residential area. The following labor variables were investigated: Working hours, Working hours, Absenteeism, Length of time at work and in office. Results: 64.5% of the subjects have excellent work capacity, 27% were categorized as Good, 7.6% Moderate and 0.9% equivalent to 9 people have poor TC (Table 6). Three dimensions of quality of life with percentages of a poor or low quality of life to take into account, General Health in 29.2%, Physical Role in 21.5% and Social functioning in 23% of the workers. Conclusions: Excellent work capacity was perceived by the majority of workers, although another considerable proportion obtained lower values. The working population is recommended to actively participate in programs focused on improving the personal and interpersonal work environment and healthy lifestyles programmed by the company or personally. Likewise, maintain professional competence through continuous updating
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Palabras clave
Capacidad de trabajo, Calidad de vida, Trabajadores, Empresas, Work capacity, Quality of life, Workers, Companies