EPOC y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud: Una revisión narrativa
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Ahumada Sánchez, Cruz María
Hernández Flores, Luisa Fernanda
Ruiz Campillo, Aura Vanessa
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad con amplias implicaciones sociales y económicas en los países, se espera que su incidencia mundial siga aumentando, siendo para la próxima década la cuarta causa de muerte en el mundo. El deterioro físico subsecuente a la disfunción pulmonar trae consigo una serie de cambios multisistémicos que desencadenan la reducción de la capacidad funcional del individuo, dichos fenómenos están relacionados con la severidad de los síntomas y también el detrimento del sistema cardiovascular y musculoesquelético. Por ende, los pacientes con EPOC tienden a reducir su calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y consigo, una reducción de la expectativa de vida. El tratamiento del paciente con esta enfermedad no se limita a la farmacoterapia y tratamientos paliativos secundarios, sino que también trasciende en la identificación de la magnitud de factores que afectan la CVRS y una intervención sobre estos. La presente revisión tuvo el objetivo de explorar, analizar y exponer evidencia científica más reciente que asocia a la funcionalidad y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con EPOC. Los principales hallazgos muestran la importancia de evaluar e intervenir los factores que reducen la CVRS. Alternativas como la educación y coaching en salud parecen ser alternativas que, en cierta medida, logran reducir el impacto de la enfermedad en diversas esferas del individuo.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with broad social and economic implications in the countries, it is expected that its worldwide incidence will continue to increase, being for the next decade the fourth cause of death in the world. The physical deterioration subsequent to pulmonary dysfunction brings with it a series of multisystemic changes that trigger the reduction of the functional capacity of the individual, these phenomena are related to the severity of the symptoms and also the detriment of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. Therefore, patients with COPD tend to reduce their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and with it, a reduction in life expectancy. Treatment of patients with this disease is not limited to pharmacotherapy and secondary palliative treatments, but also transcends the identification of the magnitude of factors that affect HRQOL and an intervention on these. The present review aimed to explore, analyze, and present the most recent scientific evidence associated with functionality and health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. The main findings show the importance of evaluating and intervening the factors that reduce HRQL. Alternatives such as health education and coaching seem to be alternatives that, to a certain extent, manage to reduce the impact of the disease in various spheres of the individual.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with broad social and economic implications in the countries, it is expected that its worldwide incidence will continue to increase, being for the next decade the fourth cause of death in the world. The physical deterioration subsequent to pulmonary dysfunction brings with it a series of multisystemic changes that trigger the reduction of the functional capacity of the individual, these phenomena are related to the severity of the symptoms and also the detriment of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. Therefore, patients with COPD tend to reduce their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and with it, a reduction in life expectancy. Treatment of patients with this disease is not limited to pharmacotherapy and secondary palliative treatments, but also transcends the identification of the magnitude of factors that affect HRQOL and an intervention on these. The present review aimed to explore, analyze, and present the most recent scientific evidence associated with functionality and health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. The main findings show the importance of evaluating and intervening the factors that reduce HRQL. Alternatives such as health education and coaching seem to be alternatives that, to a certain extent, manage to reduce the impact of the disease in various spheres of the individual.
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Palabras clave
Calidad de vida, Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, Disnea, Autocuidado, Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Quality of life, Health-related quality of life, Dyspnoea, Self Care