Metodología de extracción de conocimiento para la valoración del riesgo de deserción de los aprendices del SENA
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Gamez Serna, Alejandro
Cantillo Álvarez, Narciso
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
Antecedentes:
En los procesos de formación, las instituciones de educación superior estructuran
programas para acoger a los estudiantes e iniciar con ellos un proceso de
adaptabilidad y estabilidad durante toda su carrera, es así como cada institución
educativa establece un sistema específico para atender, hacer seguimiento y
garantizar la permanencia de los estudiantes en todo el proceso desde su
admisión hasta su graduación.
Pero existen factores y variables que en el proceso de formación pueden afectar el
desempeño y la aprobación exitosa de todos los ciclos de formación de los
estudianteshasta llegar, incluso, a desistir de la profesión. En este sentido la
deserción estudiantil ha sido foco de atención de muchas entidades de educación
superior y el ministerio de educación , pues impacta a las instituciones de forma
negativa.
El Sena Centro Industrial y de Aviación, foco de atención para el presente trabajo
de investigación, ubicado en la ciudad de barranquilla, es una de las treinta y tres sedes que tiene el Sena a nivel nacional. Los programas a nivel técnico y
tecnólogo ofrecidos por el Sena Industrial y de Aviación son: Artes gráficas,
Automotriz, Aviación, Calzado y marroquinería, Confecciones, Construcción,
Gestión, Madera, Salud Ocupacional y Sistemas.
Un estudio realizado por el Sena Centro Industrial y de Aviación (oficina de
bienestar al aprendiz), determino las siguientes causas de deserción: Razones
laborales, Situación económica, Situación Residencial (Inseguridad en los barrios,
residen en zona rural), Situación familiar, Dificultades de salud (Embarazo /
Maternidad), Desorientación vocacional (Desconocimiento del Programa de
Formación, Falta de interés en la especialidad), Falta de oportunidad para realizar
las prácticas, Fallas en el Proceso de Ingreso, Selección y Matrícula,
Desconocimiento de las normas Institucionales Sena, La información de la Oferta
web, podría estar incompleta (en una oferta, se podría indicar, por ejemplo: “una
vez ingrese al Programa de formación, No se aceptan cambios de programa” …),
Dificultades académicas, Dificultades personales.
De acuerdo con la situación expresada se enuncia el interrogante que direcciona
el proceso de investigación:
¿Qué metodología de extracción de conocimientos sería pertinente para el
contexto educativo a fin de prevenir la deserción de los aprendices del Sena?
Background In the training processes, higher education institutions structure programs to welcome students and initiate with them a process of adaptability and stability throughout their careers, this is how each educational institution establishes a specific system to attend, monitor and guarantee the permanence of students throughout the process from admission to graduation. But there are factors and variables that in the training process can affect the performance and successful approval of all the training cycles of the students, up to the point of even giving up the profession. In this sense, student desertion has been the focus of attention of many higher education entities and the Ministry of Education, since it impacts institutions in a negative way. The Sena Industrial and Aviation Center, the focus of attention for this research work, located in the city of Barranquilla, is one of the thirty-three headquarters of the Sena nationwide. The technical and technological programs offered by Sena Industrial y de Aviation are: Graphic Arts, Automotive, Aviation, Footwear and Leather Goods, Apparel, Construction, Management, Wood, Occupational Health and Systems. A study carried out by the Sena Industrial and Aviation Center (apprentice welfare office), determined the following causes of desertion: Labor reasons, Economic situation, Residential situation (Insecurity in the neighborhoods, they reside in rural areas), Family situation, Difficulties (Pregnancy / Maternity), Vocational disorientation (Lack of knowledge of the Training Program, Lack of interest in the specialty), Lack of opportunity to carry out the internship, Failures in the Admission, Selection and Enrollment Process, Lack of knowledge of the Sena Institutional regulations , The information of the web offer, could be incomplete (in an offer, it could be indicated, for example: "once you enter the training program, program changes are not accepted" ...), academic difficulties, personal difficulties. According to the situation expressed, the question that directs the investigation process is stated: What knowledge extraction methodology would be relevant for the educational context in order to prevent the dropout of apprentices from the Sena?
Background In the training processes, higher education institutions structure programs to welcome students and initiate with them a process of adaptability and stability throughout their careers, this is how each educational institution establishes a specific system to attend, monitor and guarantee the permanence of students throughout the process from admission to graduation. But there are factors and variables that in the training process can affect the performance and successful approval of all the training cycles of the students, up to the point of even giving up the profession. In this sense, student desertion has been the focus of attention of many higher education entities and the Ministry of Education, since it impacts institutions in a negative way. The Sena Industrial and Aviation Center, the focus of attention for this research work, located in the city of Barranquilla, is one of the thirty-three headquarters of the Sena nationwide. The technical and technological programs offered by Sena Industrial y de Aviation are: Graphic Arts, Automotive, Aviation, Footwear and Leather Goods, Apparel, Construction, Management, Wood, Occupational Health and Systems. A study carried out by the Sena Industrial and Aviation Center (apprentice welfare office), determined the following causes of desertion: Labor reasons, Economic situation, Residential situation (Insecurity in the neighborhoods, they reside in rural areas), Family situation, Difficulties (Pregnancy / Maternity), Vocational disorientation (Lack of knowledge of the Training Program, Lack of interest in the specialty), Lack of opportunity to carry out the internship, Failures in the Admission, Selection and Enrollment Process, Lack of knowledge of the Sena Institutional regulations , The information of the web offer, could be incomplete (in an offer, it could be indicated, for example: "once you enter the training program, program changes are not accepted" ...), academic difficulties, personal difficulties. According to the situation expressed, the question that directs the investigation process is stated: What knowledge extraction methodology would be relevant for the educational context in order to prevent the dropout of apprentices from the Sena?
Descripción
Palabras clave
Deserción estudiantil, Permanencia académica, Metodología de extracción de conocimiento, Aprendizaje de máquinas, Minería de datos, Student desertion, Academic permanence, Knowledge extraction methodology, Machine learning, Data mining