Factores socio-jurídicos que influyen principalmente en la realización de delitos sexuales contra mujeres mayores de 18 años en el departamento del Atlántico
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Herrera De los Reyes, Hernando José
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En el presente artículo se analizan los factores que influyen en la realización de delitos sexuales contra mujeres mayores de 18 años, y de esta forma adentrarse específicamente en el Departamento del Atlántico, donde por sus características culturales se hizo necesaria la indagación y la relación con la política criminal Nacional establecida para revisar el tratamiento, disminución y prevención de este tipo de conductas. En virtud del resultado obtenido, se procedió a plantear una idea base para que se mejoren aspectos de dicha política, con el propósito de reducir la posibilidad de que se generen aumentos en la ejecución de las mismas conductas punibles o de nuevas problemáticas sociales, jurídicas y criminales, tendientes a buscar nuevas formas de cometer el delito o de evitar la sanción penal, cometiendo delitos más graves con tal de ocultar la conducta sexual delictiva.
Objetivo general: Analizar el marco teórico y jurídico de la violencia sexual impartida hacia la mujer, en el Departamento del Atlántico.
Materiales y Métodos: El enfoque es mixto y de corte transversal. En la primera instancia, se realizó una revisión sistemática y análisis de literatura en libros, artículos de investigación, leyes, informes, todos estos de tipo socio-jurídico-penal, filosóficos, sobre salud pública, psicoculturales y de tipo periodísticos, que estuvieron relacionados con la violencia y delitos sexuales. De igual forma, con su política criminal y factores que influyen en su generación, se destacan las estadísticas emitidas por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, acerca de las mujeres víctimas de los mencionados delitos en el Dpto. del Atlántico y con base en ellas, se hizo una interpretación porcentual sobre el incremento dado en los años 2016 a 2018 y del Consejo Superior de la Judicatura. Las cifras a nivel nacional de adultos condenados y adolescentes declarados culpables (hombres) se compararon con las estadísticas de las mujeres agredidas sexualmente en los años 2016 a 2018 en el Dpto. En ese mismo sentido,
se compararon las leyes a partir del código penal Ley 599 del 2000, con las leyes posteriores que modificaron lo concerniente a los delitos sexuales y se realizaron las interpretaciones porcentuales en el aumento de las penas de estas mismas. Los criterios de inclusión identificados fueron: a) delitos sexuales en contra de mujeres, b) que las mujeres fueran únicamente mayores de 18 años, c) que dichos delitos fueran perpetrados solo en el dpto. del Atlántico; y d) que los sujetos activos fueran hombres. Resultados: Teniendo en cuenta las estadísticas, doctrina, jurisprudencia, Ley, informes y demás datos analizados, se encontraron los siguientes datos: En los años 2016 a 2018 se presentaron aumentos significativos de estos delitos en el departamento del Atlántico, partiendo del año 2016 donde se evidenció una tasa de 803 casos; y en el 2017 hubo un aumento del 21%, con un total de 972 casos y para el 2018 con 1.061 los casos incrementaron al 32%, respecto de la fecha inicial en que se realizó la comparación sobre el aumento. Por tal motivo y teniendo en cuenta los datos acabados de mencionar y en comparación a la cifra de condenados, se tiene el siguiente resultado: Del cual se puede inferir que, mientras en el departamento del Atlántico y a nivel nacional aumenta cada año la tasa de delitos sexuales en contra de mujeres, en el mismo periodo la efectividad judicial en estos delitos es mucho menor que la cantidad de casos suscitados en un solo departamento. Conclusión: La política criminal en el país en materia de delitos sexuales, a pesar de aumentar las penas para todos los delitos desde un 30% hasta un 400% por encima de la pena principal concebida por la Ley 599 del año 2000, en las leyes que realizaron sus modificaciones, no se ha podido lograr un efectivo control, reducir delitos sexuales y mucho menos prevenir, ya que no se conocen programas o proyectos comprometidos íntegramente con dicha causa. En otras palabras, se desconoce si es por falta de compromiso o de recursos por parte del gobierno central a la hora de trabajar en dicha prevención y se estaría frente a un populismo punitivo, puesto que no se tienen los criterios económicos para la creación de una ley, sino que podrían surgir por intereses políticos. En consecuencia, es recomendable para la protección de la mujer principalmente y de los hombres que también puedan llegar a sufrir estas afectaciones a sus bienes jurídicos libertad, integridad y formación sexual, las decisiones judiciales se fundamenten en la normativa penal existente, se garantice la efectiva aplicación de la misma y en relación a la prevención, se ejecuten planes de acción encaminados a implementar cátedras orientadas a generar conciencia frente a lo incorrecto de estas conductas, lo dañino que es para quien la sufre y las consecuencias padecidas.
This article analyzes the factors that influence the realization of sexual crimes against women over 18 years of age, and in this way go specifically into the Department of Atlántico, where due to its cultural characteristics, the investigation and the relationship with the National criminal policy established to review the treatment, reduction and prevention of this type of conduct. By virtue of the result obtained, we proceeded to propose a base idea for the improvement of aspects of said policy, in order to reduce the possibility of generating increases in the execution of the same punishable behaviors or new social, legal and criminals, tending to find new ways to commit the crime or avoid criminal sanction, committing more serious crimes in order to hide criminal sexual conduct. Course objective: To analyze the theoretical and legal framework of sexual violence imparted to women, in the Department of Atlántico. Materials and Methods: The approach is mixed and cross-sectional. In the first instance, a systematic review and analysis of literature was carried out in books, research articles, laws, reports, all of these of a socio-legal-criminal, philosophical, public health, psych cultural and journalistic type, which were related with sexual violence and crimes. Likewise, with its criminal policy and factors influencing its generation, the statistics issued by the National Institute of Legal Medicine on women victims of the aforementioned crimes in the Atlantic Department and based on them stand out. A percentage interpretation was made of the increase given in the years 2016 to 2018 and of the Superior Council of the Judiciary. The figures at the national level of convicted adults and adolescents found guilty (men) were compared with the statistics of women sexually assaulted in the years 2016 to 2018 in the Department. In that same sense, the laws were compared from the penal code Law 599 of 2000, with the subsequent laws that modified what concerns sexual crimes and the percentage interpretations were made in the increase of the penalties of the same. The inclusion criteria identified were: a) sexual crimes against women, b) that women were only over 18 years of age, c) that these crimes were perpetrated only in the department of the Atlantic; and d) that the active subjects were men. Results: Taking into account the statistics, doctrine, jurisprudence, Law, reports and other data analyzed, the following data were found: In the years 2016 to 2018, significant increases in these crimes occurred in the department of Atlántico, starting in 2016 where a rate of 803 cases was evidenced; and in 2017 there was an increase of 21%, with a total of 972 cases and for 2018 with 1,061 cases they increased to 32%, compared to the initial date when the comparison on the increase was made. For this reason and taking into account the data just mentioned and compared to the number of those convicted, the following result is obtained: From which it can be inferred that, while in the department of Atlántico and nationally, the crime rate increases every year sexual offenses against women, in the same period the judicial effectiveness in these crimes is much less than the number of cases raised in a single department. Conclusion: The criminal policy in the country regarding sexual crimes, despite increasing the penalties for all crimes from 30% to 400% above the main penalty designed by Law 599 of the year 2000, in the laws that made their modifications, it has not been possible to achieve effective control, reduce sexual crimes, and much less prevent, since there are no known programs or projects fully committed to said cause. In other words, it is unknown whether it is due to a lack of commitment or resources on the part of the central government when it comes to working on such prevention, and one would face punitive populism, since the economic criteria for the creation of a law, but could arise from political interests. Consequently, it is recommended for the protection of women mainly and men who may also suffer these effects on their legal assets, freedom, integrity and sexual training, judicial decisions are based on existing criminal regulations, effective effectiveness is guaranteed. application of the same and in relation to prevention, action plans are implemented aimed at implementing chairs aimed at raising awareness of the incorrectness of these behaviors, how harmful it is for those who suffer it and the consequences suffered.
This article analyzes the factors that influence the realization of sexual crimes against women over 18 years of age, and in this way go specifically into the Department of Atlántico, where due to its cultural characteristics, the investigation and the relationship with the National criminal policy established to review the treatment, reduction and prevention of this type of conduct. By virtue of the result obtained, we proceeded to propose a base idea for the improvement of aspects of said policy, in order to reduce the possibility of generating increases in the execution of the same punishable behaviors or new social, legal and criminals, tending to find new ways to commit the crime or avoid criminal sanction, committing more serious crimes in order to hide criminal sexual conduct. Course objective: To analyze the theoretical and legal framework of sexual violence imparted to women, in the Department of Atlántico. Materials and Methods: The approach is mixed and cross-sectional. In the first instance, a systematic review and analysis of literature was carried out in books, research articles, laws, reports, all of these of a socio-legal-criminal, philosophical, public health, psych cultural and journalistic type, which were related with sexual violence and crimes. Likewise, with its criminal policy and factors influencing its generation, the statistics issued by the National Institute of Legal Medicine on women victims of the aforementioned crimes in the Atlantic Department and based on them stand out. A percentage interpretation was made of the increase given in the years 2016 to 2018 and of the Superior Council of the Judiciary. The figures at the national level of convicted adults and adolescents found guilty (men) were compared with the statistics of women sexually assaulted in the years 2016 to 2018 in the Department. In that same sense, the laws were compared from the penal code Law 599 of 2000, with the subsequent laws that modified what concerns sexual crimes and the percentage interpretations were made in the increase of the penalties of the same. The inclusion criteria identified were: a) sexual crimes against women, b) that women were only over 18 years of age, c) that these crimes were perpetrated only in the department of the Atlantic; and d) that the active subjects were men. Results: Taking into account the statistics, doctrine, jurisprudence, Law, reports and other data analyzed, the following data were found: In the years 2016 to 2018, significant increases in these crimes occurred in the department of Atlántico, starting in 2016 where a rate of 803 cases was evidenced; and in 2017 there was an increase of 21%, with a total of 972 cases and for 2018 with 1,061 cases they increased to 32%, compared to the initial date when the comparison on the increase was made. For this reason and taking into account the data just mentioned and compared to the number of those convicted, the following result is obtained: From which it can be inferred that, while in the department of Atlántico and nationally, the crime rate increases every year sexual offenses against women, in the same period the judicial effectiveness in these crimes is much less than the number of cases raised in a single department. Conclusion: The criminal policy in the country regarding sexual crimes, despite increasing the penalties for all crimes from 30% to 400% above the main penalty designed by Law 599 of the year 2000, in the laws that made their modifications, it has not been possible to achieve effective control, reduce sexual crimes, and much less prevent, since there are no known programs or projects fully committed to said cause. In other words, it is unknown whether it is due to a lack of commitment or resources on the part of the central government when it comes to working on such prevention, and one would face punitive populism, since the economic criteria for the creation of a law, but could arise from political interests. Consequently, it is recommended for the protection of women mainly and men who may also suffer these effects on their legal assets, freedom, integrity and sexual training, judicial decisions are based on existing criminal regulations, effective effectiveness is guaranteed. application of the same and in relation to prevention, action plans are implemented aimed at implementing chairs aimed at raising awareness of the incorrectness of these behaviors, how harmful it is for those who suffer it and the consequences suffered.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Violencia sexual, Delito sexual, Política criminal, Populismo punitivo, Sexual Violence, Sexual Crime, Criminal Policies, Punitive Populism