Ulceras por presión en pacientes hospitalizados en instituciones de salud de mediana y alta complejidad en Barranquilla
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Villadiego Arrieta, Carlos Andres
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Las Úlceras por presión son lesiones que patológicamente son inducidas por procesos cíclicos de isquemia y reperfusión que resultan primariamente de una presión constante sobre un área preferencialmente ósea. Estas lesiones más allá de ser un importante problema socio sanitario con trascendentes repercusiones en el deterioro de la calidad de vida de quienes las padecen, así como de sus familiares, representan una creciente carga asistencial y económica para el sistema sanitario.
Las Ulceras por Presión (UPP) no solo representan una condición que incide de manera negativa en el bienestar físico, mental y emocional de quienes las padecen, sino que conllevan a la prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria de los pacientes, deterioran la imagen de las instituciones de salud y contribuyen al incremento de la carga de trabajo de los profesionales. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) las reconoce como un indicador negativo de la calidad asistencial, de modo que la incidencia de UPP reflejaría la calidad asistencial de la red hospitalaria de un país. La mayoría de las UPP pueden prevenirse: hasta un 95% son evitables.
La motivación para realizar esta investigación surge a partir del hecho de la importancia que tiene la intervención oportuna en pacientes hospitalizados para prevenir la aparición de las úlceras por presión y mejorar el nivel de calidad de vida de quienes ya la padecen, teniendo en cuenta que gran parte de ellos demandan la intervención por parte de cirugía plástica para la cobertura de sus lesiones. En este orden de ideas, se amerita identificar los factores de riesgo que se asocian a estas lesiones y las complicaciones que se generan a partir de ellas para lograr aminorar consigo estancia hospitalaria, altos costos económicos y complicaciones en las condiciones de salud de los pacientes afectados.
Pressure ulcers are lesions that are pathologically induced by cyclical processes of ischemia and reperfusion that suffer primarily from constant pressure on a preferentially maritime area. These injuries, beyond being a major socio-health problem with far-reaching repercussions on the damage to the quality of life of those who suffer, as well as their families, represent an increasing burden of care and money for the health system. The Pressure Ulcers (PU) not only represent a condition that negatively affects the physical, mental and emotional well-being of those who suffer, but also lead to the prolongation of the hospital stay of patients, deteriorate the image of health institutions and affect the increase of the workload of professionals. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes as a negative indicator of quality of care, so that the incidence of PU would identify the quality of care of a country's hospital network. Most of the PU can be prevented: up to 95% are avoidable. The motivation to carry out this research arises from the fact that timely intervention in hospitalized patients is important to prevent the appearance of pressure ulcers and improve the level of quality of life of those who suffer from the disease, taking into account that a large part of them demand the intervention by plastic surgery to cover their injuries. In this order of ideas, the risk factors associated with these injuries and the complications that arise from them are identified in order to reduce hospital stay, high economic costs and complications in the health conditions of the affected patients.
Pressure ulcers are lesions that are pathologically induced by cyclical processes of ischemia and reperfusion that suffer primarily from constant pressure on a preferentially maritime area. These injuries, beyond being a major socio-health problem with far-reaching repercussions on the damage to the quality of life of those who suffer, as well as their families, represent an increasing burden of care and money for the health system. The Pressure Ulcers (PU) not only represent a condition that negatively affects the physical, mental and emotional well-being of those who suffer, but also lead to the prolongation of the hospital stay of patients, deteriorate the image of health institutions and affect the increase of the workload of professionals. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes as a negative indicator of quality of care, so that the incidence of PU would identify the quality of care of a country's hospital network. Most of the PU can be prevented: up to 95% are avoidable. The motivation to carry out this research arises from the fact that timely intervention in hospitalized patients is important to prevent the appearance of pressure ulcers and improve the level of quality of life of those who suffer from the disease, taking into account that a large part of them demand the intervention by plastic surgery to cover their injuries. In this order of ideas, the risk factors associated with these injuries and the complications that arise from them are identified in order to reduce hospital stay, high economic costs and complications in the health conditions of the affected patients.
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Úlcera por presión, Prevalencia, Hospitalización, Tejidos, Hipoalbuminemia, Índice de masa corporal, Factores de riesgo, Pressure ulcer, Prevalence, Hospitalization, Tissues, Hypoalbuminemia, Body mass index, Risk factors