Barreras que influyen en la asistencia al control prenatal en gestantes Wayuu. Riohacha, Colombia 2019
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Ibarra Solano, Jose Maria
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El presente documento titulado: Barreras que influyen en la asistencia al control prenatal en gestantes wayuu, Riohacha, Colombia, tiene como objetivo general identificar las barreras socioeconómicas y culturales que influyen en la asistencia al control prenatal en gestantes wayuu. Riohacha, Colombia 2019, en el mismo orden de ideas se describen las características sociodemográficas de las gestantes inscritas en el Programa de control prenatal, así mismo se identificaron los factores socioeconómicos y los aspectos culturales influyentes en la asistencia al control prenatal.
Seguidamente, para la elaboración del estudio se tuvo en cuenta como antecedente de la investigación presentada por Zunzunegui (2007), quien aborda las barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud en poblaciones indígenas, lo que se considera un documento de interés por la similitud del contexto cultural donde el autor desarrolla su investigación, también cabe resaltar las experiencias
gubernamentales en otros sectores como el ejemplo de la prueba piloto desarrollada en regiones del llano, específicamente en Puerto Inírida (Guainía), cuya finalidad fue medir la efectividad de los proyectos de salud con enfoque diferencial que permitiera brindar garantías a las poblaciones apartadas ubicadas en áreas rurales, quienes presentan dificultad para acceder a los servicios de salud, para lo cual se permitió la participación de actores internacionales expertos en el tema y algunas autoridades académicas que sirvieron como garantes en el proceso de desarrollo del proyecto.
Además la estructura teórica del proyecto se basó en los postulados de autores como Climate, (2014), Pelcastre, (2005) los cuales abordan los servicios de salud en contextos culturales, así también Fraifer y Garcia, (2004), exponen que las barreras se pueden considerar como factores de riesgo de tipo biológico, ambiental o social que aumenta la probabilidad de presentar un evento que afecte la salud de la madre, el feto o ambos, las cuales se manifiestan en morbilidades, prematurez, la asfixia perinatal, malformaciones congénitas e infecciones.
A partir de la información obtenida por las instituciones referidas para la atención de los sujetos de interés del presente estudio habitantes de contexto cultural, en las cuales se presentan considerables tasas de mortalidad materna, surge la necesidad de resaltar que la prestación de servicios de salud y la disminución de barreras disminuye considerablemente el riesgo de mortalidad en la población indígena. Así mismo para el desarrollo teórico y el instrumento, se plantea la ficha técnica, constituida en una base de datos que contiene la información secundaria de los sujetos de investigación a partir de un censo. Además en la metodología se planteó un estudio de enfoque cualitativo y de tipo descriptivo, no experimental.
Se concluyó que las principales barreras que impiden la asistencia a los servicios de salud de las mujeres indígenas wayuu gestante, son principalmente de tipos socio económico y gubernamental consistente en el mal estado de las vías, distancias considerables; así mismo dentro de las barreras culturales se encontró
temor a la separación del núcleo familiar durante el parto y algunas reacciones de pudor al ser examinadas, así como dificultades de empatía con los miembros que asisten en las instituciones de salud.
The general objective of this document: Barriers that influence prenatal care attendance in wayuu pregnant women, Riohacha, Colombia, has the general objective of identifying socioeconomic and cultural barriers that influence prenatal care attendance in wayuu pregnant women. Riohacha, Colombia 2019, in the same order of ideas, the sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women enrolled in the prenatal control program are described, as well as socioeconomic factors and influencing cultural aspects in prenatal care attendance. Subsequently, for the preparation of the study, the background of the research presented by Zunzunegui (2007), who addresses barriers to access to health services in indigenous populations, was taken into account, which is considered a document of interest due to the similarity of the cultural context where the author conducts his research, it is also worth highlighting government experiences in other sectors such as the example of the pilot test carried out in plain regions, specifically in Puerto Inírida (Guainía), whose purpose was to measure the effectiveness of health projects with a differential approach that would allow providing guarantees to remote populations located in rural areas, who present difficulties in accessing health services, for which the participation of international experts in the subject and some academic authorities who served as guarantors in the project development process. Furthermore, the theoretical structure of the project was based on the postulates of authors such as Climate, (2014), Pelcastre, (2005), which address health services in cultural contexts, as well as Fraifer and Garcia, (2004), expose that the barriers They can be considered as biological, environmental or social risk factors that increase the probability of presenting an event that affects the health of the mother, the fetus or both, which are manifested in morbidities, prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, congenital malformations and infections. From the information obtained by the institutions referred for the care of the subjects of interest of this study, inhabitants of a cultural context, in which considerable maternal mortality rates are presented, the need arises to emphasize that the provision of health services and the reduction of barriers considerably reduces the risk of mortality in the indigenous population. Likewise, for the theoretical development and the instrument, the technical sheet is proposed, constituted in a database that contains the secondary information of the research subjects from a census. Furthermore, in the methodology, a qualitative and descriptive approach study was proposed, not experimental. It was concluded that the main barriers that impede the assistance to health services of pregnant wayuu indigenous women, are mainly of socio-economic and governmental types consisting of the poor condition of the roads, considerable distances; Likewise, within the cultural barriers, fear of separation from the family during childbirth and some modesty reactions when examined were found, as well as empathy difficulties with the members who attend health institutions.
The general objective of this document: Barriers that influence prenatal care attendance in wayuu pregnant women, Riohacha, Colombia, has the general objective of identifying socioeconomic and cultural barriers that influence prenatal care attendance in wayuu pregnant women. Riohacha, Colombia 2019, in the same order of ideas, the sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women enrolled in the prenatal control program are described, as well as socioeconomic factors and influencing cultural aspects in prenatal care attendance. Subsequently, for the preparation of the study, the background of the research presented by Zunzunegui (2007), who addresses barriers to access to health services in indigenous populations, was taken into account, which is considered a document of interest due to the similarity of the cultural context where the author conducts his research, it is also worth highlighting government experiences in other sectors such as the example of the pilot test carried out in plain regions, specifically in Puerto Inírida (Guainía), whose purpose was to measure the effectiveness of health projects with a differential approach that would allow providing guarantees to remote populations located in rural areas, who present difficulties in accessing health services, for which the participation of international experts in the subject and some academic authorities who served as guarantors in the project development process. Furthermore, the theoretical structure of the project was based on the postulates of authors such as Climate, (2014), Pelcastre, (2005), which address health services in cultural contexts, as well as Fraifer and Garcia, (2004), expose that the barriers They can be considered as biological, environmental or social risk factors that increase the probability of presenting an event that affects the health of the mother, the fetus or both, which are manifested in morbidities, prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, congenital malformations and infections. From the information obtained by the institutions referred for the care of the subjects of interest of this study, inhabitants of a cultural context, in which considerable maternal mortality rates are presented, the need arises to emphasize that the provision of health services and the reduction of barriers considerably reduces the risk of mortality in the indigenous population. Likewise, for the theoretical development and the instrument, the technical sheet is proposed, constituted in a database that contains the secondary information of the research subjects from a census. Furthermore, in the methodology, a qualitative and descriptive approach study was proposed, not experimental. It was concluded that the main barriers that impede the assistance to health services of pregnant wayuu indigenous women, are mainly of socio-economic and governmental types consisting of the poor condition of the roads, considerable distances; Likewise, within the cultural barriers, fear of separation from the family during childbirth and some modesty reactions when examined were found, as well as empathy difficulties with the members who attend health institutions.
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Palabras clave
Servicios de salud, Barreras, Control prenatal, Cultura, Health services, Barriers, Prenatal care, Culture