La recolección lateral como alternativa para la optimización del proceso de recolección de residuos sólidos en la ciudad de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Parada Perea, José Vicente
Escalante Maradiago, Luis Antonio
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación expone la recolección lateral como alternativa para la optimización del proceso de recolección de residuos sólidos en la ciudad de barranquilla, basándose en el análisis y disminución de los tiempos operativos y en la forma en que son presentados los desechos sólidos por parte de los usuarios para su posterior recolección. Lo anterior nos garantiza un beneficio tanto para la sociedad como para la compañía prestadora del servicio.
La razón principal por la cual actualmente se prolongan los tiempos operativos de la recolección tradicional (trasera), es debido a la presentación de los desechos o residuos sólidos por parte de los usuarios, los cuales son colocados en bolsas plásticas a la intemperie en los andenes de la ciudad expuestos a ser esparcidos por recicladores callejeros o roedores, y por ende además de generar un impacto ambiental demanda mayor tiempo operativo de esta actividad por cada zona de recolección de la ciudad debido a los movimientos o recorridos repetitivos de los operarios de recolección entre el andén y el vehículo o maquina compactadora trasera.
La recolección lateral es un sistema novedoso de recolección de residuos sólidos que ha sido implementada en varios países de Latinoamérica con excelentes resultados como EEUU y Republica Dominicana, de donde se indago para recopilar la información necesaria para conocer el sistema que nos ayudaría a solucionar nuestra problemática, ya que consta de una maquina compactadora con características similares a la trasera pero con una diferencia o cualidad importante como lo es su alimentación lateral, la cual es operada por un solo operario-conductor y consta de un mecanismo de agarre o brazo mecánico-hidráulico que vierte los residuos sólidos en su tolva los cuales estarían presentados en un contenedor de residuos sólidos apropiado según la necesidad (residencia o establecimiento).
Teniendo en cuenta las condiciones de infraestructura vial, técnicas de recolección y una necesaria reculturización de la comunidad principalmente de los usuarios sobre el adecuado manejo y presentación de los desechos que generan, se seleccionó una zona o ruta de recolección que cumple con lo anterior y se realizó una simulación (prueba piloto) con el apoyo de la compañía triple A y su simulador Geoportal con todos los parámetros y factores que intervienen en los dos sistemas o procesos, el cual nos calculó los tiempos operativos de la recolección lateral permitiéndonos realizar un comparativo con los tiempos actuales de recolección trasera, evidenciándonos que la recolección lateral mejora consideradamente los tiempos operativos en el proceso de recolección de la zona o ruta escogida como prueba piloto. Lo anterior además de optimizar el proceso de recolección tiene beneficios colaterales como el de mejorar el índice de accidentalidad en la compañía y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los usuarios.
The present research work exposes the lateral collection as an alternative for the optimization of the solid waste collection process in the city of Barranquilla, based on the analysis and reduction of the operative times and the way in which the solid waste is presented by the users for its later collection. This guarantees a benefit for both society and the company providing the service. The main reason why the operating times for traditional (rear) collection are currently being extended is due to the presentation of waste or solid residues by users, which are placed in plastic bags outdoors on the city's platforms exposed to being scattered by street recyclers or rodents. Therefore, in addition to generating an environmental impact, this activity requires more operating time in each collection zone of the city due to the repetitive movements or routes of the collection operators between the platform and the vehicle or rear compactor. The lateral collection is a novel system of solid waste collection that has been implemented in several Latin American countries with excellent results such as the United States and the Dominican Republic, from where we investigated to gather the necessary information to know the system that would help us solve our problems, It is a compacting machine with similar characteristics to the rear one but with an important difference or quality such as its lateral feeding, which is operated by a single operator-driver and consists of a gripping mechanism or mechanical-hydraulic arm that dumps the solid waste in its hopper which would be presented in a solid waste container appropriate to the need (residence or establishment). Taking into account the conditions of road infrastructure, collection techniques and a necessary reculturation of the community mainly of the users on the adequate management and presentation of the waste they generate, a zone or collection route that complies with the above was selected and a simulation (pilot test) was carried out with the support of the Triple A company and its Geoportal simulator with all the parameters and factors that intervene in the two systems or processes, which calculated the operating times of the lateral collection allowing us to make a comparison with the current times of rear collection, showing us that the lateral collection improves considerably the operating times in the process of collection of the area or route chosen as a pilot. This, in addition to optimizing the collection process, has collateral benefits such as improving the accident rate in the company and improving the quality of life of users.
The present research work exposes the lateral collection as an alternative for the optimization of the solid waste collection process in the city of Barranquilla, based on the analysis and reduction of the operative times and the way in which the solid waste is presented by the users for its later collection. This guarantees a benefit for both society and the company providing the service. The main reason why the operating times for traditional (rear) collection are currently being extended is due to the presentation of waste or solid residues by users, which are placed in plastic bags outdoors on the city's platforms exposed to being scattered by street recyclers or rodents. Therefore, in addition to generating an environmental impact, this activity requires more operating time in each collection zone of the city due to the repetitive movements or routes of the collection operators between the platform and the vehicle or rear compactor. The lateral collection is a novel system of solid waste collection that has been implemented in several Latin American countries with excellent results such as the United States and the Dominican Republic, from where we investigated to gather the necessary information to know the system that would help us solve our problems, It is a compacting machine with similar characteristics to the rear one but with an important difference or quality such as its lateral feeding, which is operated by a single operator-driver and consists of a gripping mechanism or mechanical-hydraulic arm that dumps the solid waste in its hopper which would be presented in a solid waste container appropriate to the need (residence or establishment). Taking into account the conditions of road infrastructure, collection techniques and a necessary reculturation of the community mainly of the users on the adequate management and presentation of the waste they generate, a zone or collection route that complies with the above was selected and a simulation (pilot test) was carried out with the support of the Triple A company and its Geoportal simulator with all the parameters and factors that intervene in the two systems or processes, which calculated the operating times of the lateral collection allowing us to make a comparison with the current times of rear collection, showing us that the lateral collection improves considerably the operating times in the process of collection of the area or route chosen as a pilot. This, in addition to optimizing the collection process, has collateral benefits such as improving the accident rate in the company and improving the quality of life of users.
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Palabras clave
Recolección lateral, Residuos sólidos, Simulador geoportal, Tiempos operativos, Calidad de vida, Lateral collection, Solid waste, Geoportal simulator, Operating times, Quality of life