Factores socioecológicos para la intervención en embarazo de adolescentes en el Estado Táchira, Venezuela
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Albornoz-Arias, Neida
Arenas-Villamizar, Vivian Vanessa
Martínez-Santana, María-Carolina
Carreño Paredes, Myriam Teresa
Sepúlveda-Aravena, Joaquin
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Editor
Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica
Resumen
El artículo tiene como objetivo establecer un análisis a partir
del enfoque socioecológico y su relación con algunas variables
presentes en el embarazo adolescente: (a) decisión de
quedar embarazada, (b) uso del condón en el debut sexual,
(c) conocimiento del periodo fértil, con respecto a los factores
edad, nivel educativo y situación de pareja de la adolescente,
(d) lugar de residencia y con quién vive, (e) situación
bajo la cual se dio el embarazo no deseado, (f) embarazo no
deseado, (g) acto sexual sin usar anticonceptivos pensando
que nada sucedería, (h) acto sexual usando anticonceptivos
modernos que fallaron, con respecto a los factores nivel
educativo y situación de pareja de la adolescente. Para el
desarrollo del estudio se seleccionó un enfoque de investigación
cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental de alcance
descriptivo y corte transversal. Se aplicó un muestreo aleatorio
estratificado por afijación proporcional y una población
de mujeres adolescentes con edades entre 10 y 19 años que
viven en el Estado Táchira. La población quedó constituida
por un total de 1.963 madres adolescentes. Se utilizó una encuesta
estructurada aplicada a una muestra independiente,
no probabilística, intencional y aplicándose un cuestionario
titulado: Maternidad adolescente en el Estado Táchira para
una muestra de 235 adolescentes embarazadas en el cuarto
o posterior mes de embarazo. Los hallazgos permiten establecer
que la decisión de quedar embarazada por parte de
la adolescente, no es independiente de la edad ni de su situación
de pareja; no hubo evidencia de asociación entre la
decisión de quedar embarazada y el nivel educativo y tampoco
entre la decisión de quedar embarazada entre el uso del
preservativo y la edad.
The article aims to establish an analysis based on socioecological approach and its relationship with some variables present in adolescent pregnancy: (a) decision to get pregnant, (b) condom use in sexual debut and (c) knowledge of the fertile period, regarding the factors age, educational level and situation of the adolescent couple, (d) place of residence and with whom you live, (e) situation under which the unwanted pregnancy occurred, (f) unwanted pregnancy, (g) sexual act without using contraceptives thinking that nothing would happen, (h) sexual act using modern contraceptives that failed, with respect to the educational level factors and adolescent couple status. For the development of the study, a quantitative research approach with a non-experimental design with descriptive scope and cross-section was selected. A random sampling stratified by proportional affixation was applied and a population of adolescent women aged between 10 and 19 years living in the Táchira State. The population consisted of a total of 1,963 adolescent mothers. A structured survey applied to an independent, non-probabilistic, intentional sample was used and a questionnaire was applied: Adolescent maternity in the Táchira State for a sample of 235 pregnant adolescents in the fourth or later month of pregnancy. Our results allow to establish that the decision to get pregnant by the adolescent, is not independent of age nor her situation as a couple; there was no evidence of association between the decision to get pregnant and the educational level, neither between the decision to get pregnant between condom use and age.
The article aims to establish an analysis based on socioecological approach and its relationship with some variables present in adolescent pregnancy: (a) decision to get pregnant, (b) condom use in sexual debut and (c) knowledge of the fertile period, regarding the factors age, educational level and situation of the adolescent couple, (d) place of residence and with whom you live, (e) situation under which the unwanted pregnancy occurred, (f) unwanted pregnancy, (g) sexual act without using contraceptives thinking that nothing would happen, (h) sexual act using modern contraceptives that failed, with respect to the educational level factors and adolescent couple status. For the development of the study, a quantitative research approach with a non-experimental design with descriptive scope and cross-section was selected. A random sampling stratified by proportional affixation was applied and a population of adolescent women aged between 10 and 19 years living in the Táchira State. The population consisted of a total of 1,963 adolescent mothers. A structured survey applied to an independent, non-probabilistic, intentional sample was used and a questionnaire was applied: Adolescent maternity in the Táchira State for a sample of 235 pregnant adolescents in the fourth or later month of pregnancy. Our results allow to establish that the decision to get pregnant by the adolescent, is not independent of age nor her situation as a couple; there was no evidence of association between the decision to get pregnant and the educational level, neither between the decision to get pregnant between condom use and age.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Embarazo adolescente, Debut sexual, Anticonceptivos, Derechos sexuales y reproductivos, Período fértil, Teen pregnancy, Contraceptives, Sexual and reproductive rights