Alteraciones tiroideas en diabetes mellitus tipo 2
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Sierra-Castrillo, Jhoalmis
Gómez-Rave, Lyz Jenny
Chacín-González, Maricarmen
Rojas Quintero, Joselyn
Bermúdez-Pirela, Valmore
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Cooperativa servicios y suministros 212518 RS
Resumen
La diabetes mellitus es una de las enfermedades no transmisibles que causa más defunciones a nivel mundial. Cursa con alteraciones en el metabolismo de la glucosa derivadas de la baja disponibilidad de insulina o resistencia a su acción. Estudios
recientes indican que hay una relación entre la diabetes mellitus y la disfunción tiroidea, mediada por disturbios en el eje hipotálamo – hipófisis – tiroides, reducción de la actividad deiodinasa, sinergismo de rutas mitogénicas, aumento del estado inflamatorio, el estrés oxidativo y la resistencia a la insulina. La alteración más frecuente es el hipotiroidismo subclínico y se presenta con mayor frecuencia
en el sexo femenino por lo que se sugiere realizar periódicamente el perfil tiroideo a estos pacientes. Es necesario que desde la práctica clínica se tengan en cuenta
estas implicaciones para brindar un tratamiento oportuno, mejorar complicaciones derivadas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y disminuir las cifras de morbimortalidad.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s leading non-communicable diseases. It leads to alterations in glucose metabolism due to the low availability of insulin or resistance to its action. Recent studies indicate that there is a relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction, mediated by disturbances in the hypothalamus - pituitary - thyroid axis, and reduced deiodinase activity, synergism of mitogenic routes, increased inflammatory status, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. The most frequent alteration is subclinical hypothyroidism and it occurs more frequently in women, so it is suggested to periodically perform the thyroid profile to these patients. It is necessary that in clinical practice these implications are taken into account in order to provide timely treatment, improve complications such as cardiovascular disease and reduce morbidity and mortality rates.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s leading non-communicable diseases. It leads to alterations in glucose metabolism due to the low availability of insulin or resistance to its action. Recent studies indicate that there is a relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction, mediated by disturbances in the hypothalamus - pituitary - thyroid axis, and reduced deiodinase activity, synergism of mitogenic routes, increased inflammatory status, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. The most frequent alteration is subclinical hypothyroidism and it occurs more frequently in women, so it is suggested to periodically perform the thyroid profile to these patients. It is necessary that in clinical practice these implications are taken into account in order to provide timely treatment, improve complications such as cardiovascular disease and reduce morbidity and mortality rates.
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Palabras clave
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Disfunción tiroidea, Resistencia a la insulina, Hipotiroidismo, TSH, T4, T3, Thyroid dysfunction, Hypothyroidism