Impacto del cultivo de palma africana en el fortalecimiento de la sustentabilidad de las comunidades
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Perales Tovar, Rosario Crisla
Donado Vaca, Rosary
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La siguiente investigación procura conocer y establecer los efectos del cultivo de palma africana en Colombia, en sus puntos críticos de la discusión común; como es el tema de la deforestación y la responsabilidad social en las comunidades rurales; centrándose geográficamente en la zona centro y norte de Colombia. El aceite de palma es un aceite de origen vegetal que posee un amplio campo de utilización. Originaria de África occidental, Indonesia y Malasia producen alrededor del 85% de la producción mundial (Suarez Alvarez & Sabugo, 2019). En América, los mayores productores son Colombia y Ecuador. Donde Colombia es el cuarto productor de aceite de palma en el mundo y el primero en América (Boletín Fedepalma, 2018). Convirtiéndose en un país atractivo para la inversión nacional y extranjera, especialmente en el sector agropecuario. La siembra de la palma africana fue un acto innovador en Colombia ya que mucho antes de la llegada de ésta, las principales fuentes de materia prima era la semilla de algodón, de ajonjolí, de soya y algunos productos de origen animal como el sebo y la manteca de cerdo. El cultivo de la palma de aceite se encuentra en 124 municipios de 20 departamentos generando 170 mil puestos de trabajo directos e indirectos, que benefician a miles de familias. El sector palmero es uno de los que más institucionalidad tiene en la agricultura colombiana, siendo de gran importancia su cultivo para la sostenibilidad social y las empresas de manufactura y derivados (Arias A. , 2007).
El aceite de palma se ha asociado a dos tipos de problemas: Medioambientales y sociales. Sin embargo, en Colombia esto no parece totalmente cierto pues la política de cero deforestaciones se ha respetado, ya que actualmente posee una frontera agropecuaria de más de 40 millones de hectáreas (Medina, 2018); de las cuales el Ministerio de Agricultura
y Desarrollo Rural reporta que solo 8 millones de hectáreas se encuentran actualmente cultivadas, lo que permite que el sector agrícola, incluyendo el palmero pueda aumentar su área de siembra sin generar deforestación (Fedepalma, Aceite de palma, 2019). Es un cultivo que no requiere la tala de bosques, ya que se hace en terrenos que eran utilizados para otro tipo de cultivos; lo que descarta totalmente la teoría de la deforestación a causa de su siembra. Presentando una participación activa con la comunidad logrando así el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de las familias asentadas en sus zonas de influencia. Colombia fue el primer país en tener un reconocimiento mundial por ser la primera en sostenibilidad, en la decimosegunda reunión anual de la Mesa Redonda sobre Aceite de Palma Sostenible (RSPO), que reunió a más de 800 delegados de 40 países para analizar los desafíos que enfrenta la palmicultura en términos de sostenibilidad (Revista Semana, 2015). La industria palmera en nuestro país, se abrió campo para ser una de los sectores más productivos, luchando contra todas las adversidades y pronósticos. Este sector ha logrado cambiar con el transcurrir de los años una fama de desastre y muerte, por medio de la vigilancia de Estado y entidades no gubernamentales, presentando pautas para la sostenibilidad del negocio. Pese a los grandes obstáculos políticos y sociales que ha tenido que superar con el transcurrir de los años, Colombia ha debutado ante un mercado mundial cada vez más competitivo, como un país con un gran potencial y desarrollo económico en Latinoamérica.
The following research seeks to know and establish the effects of the cultivation of African palm in Colombia, at its critical points in the common discussion; such as the issue of deforestation and social responsibility in rural communities; geographically focusing on the central and northern part of Colombia. Palm oil is an oil plant origin that has a wide range of use. Originally, West Africa, Indonesia, and Malaysia produce about 85% of the worlds’ production (Suarez Alvarez & Sabugo, 2019). In America, the largest producers are Colombia and Ecuador. Where Colombia is the fourth-largest producer of palm oil in the world and the first in America (Fedepalma Bulletin, 2018). Becoming an attractive country for national and foreign investment, especially in the agricultural sector. The sowing of the African palm was an innovative act in Colombia since long before its arrival, the main sources of raw material were cottonseed, sesame seeds, soybeans and some animal products such as tallow and lard. The cultivation of oil palm is found in 124 municipalities in 20 departments generating 170 thousand direct and indirect jobs, which benefit thousands of families. The palm sector is one of the most institutional in Colombian agriculture, its cultivation being of great importance for social sustainability and manufacturing and derivative companies (Arias A., 2007). Palm oil has been associated with two types of problems: Environmental and social. However, in Colombia this does not seem completely true because the policy of zero deforestation has been respected, since it currently has an agricultural frontier of more than 40 million hectares (Medina, 2018); of which the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development reports that only 8 million hectares are currently cultivated, allowing the agricultural sector, including palm trees to increase their planting area without generating deforestation (Fedepalma, Palm oil, 2019). It is a crop that does not require logging, as it is done on land that was used for other types of crops; which discards the theory of deforestation because of its sowing. Presenting an active participation with the community as well as achieving the improvement of the quality of life of families settled in their areas of influence. Colombia was the first country to have a global recognition for being the first in sustainability, at the twelfth annual meeting of the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), which brought together more than 800 delegates from 40 countries to analyze the challenges that faces palm grove in terms of sustainability (Revista Semana, 2015). The palm industry in our country, opened the field to be one of the most productive sectors, fighting against all adversities and forecasts. This sector has managed to change over the years a reputation for disaster and death, through the surveillance of the State and non-governmental entities, presenting guidelines for the sustainability of the business. In spite of the great political and social obstacles that it has had to overcome with the passing of the years, Colombia has debuted before an increasingly competitive world market, as a country with great potential and economic development in Latin America.
The following research seeks to know and establish the effects of the cultivation of African palm in Colombia, at its critical points in the common discussion; such as the issue of deforestation and social responsibility in rural communities; geographically focusing on the central and northern part of Colombia. Palm oil is an oil plant origin that has a wide range of use. Originally, West Africa, Indonesia, and Malaysia produce about 85% of the worlds’ production (Suarez Alvarez & Sabugo, 2019). In America, the largest producers are Colombia and Ecuador. Where Colombia is the fourth-largest producer of palm oil in the world and the first in America (Fedepalma Bulletin, 2018). Becoming an attractive country for national and foreign investment, especially in the agricultural sector. The sowing of the African palm was an innovative act in Colombia since long before its arrival, the main sources of raw material were cottonseed, sesame seeds, soybeans and some animal products such as tallow and lard. The cultivation of oil palm is found in 124 municipalities in 20 departments generating 170 thousand direct and indirect jobs, which benefit thousands of families. The palm sector is one of the most institutional in Colombian agriculture, its cultivation being of great importance for social sustainability and manufacturing and derivative companies (Arias A., 2007). Palm oil has been associated with two types of problems: Environmental and social. However, in Colombia this does not seem completely true because the policy of zero deforestation has been respected, since it currently has an agricultural frontier of more than 40 million hectares (Medina, 2018); of which the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development reports that only 8 million hectares are currently cultivated, allowing the agricultural sector, including palm trees to increase their planting area without generating deforestation (Fedepalma, Palm oil, 2019). It is a crop that does not require logging, as it is done on land that was used for other types of crops; which discards the theory of deforestation because of its sowing. Presenting an active participation with the community as well as achieving the improvement of the quality of life of families settled in their areas of influence. Colombia was the first country to have a global recognition for being the first in sustainability, at the twelfth annual meeting of the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), which brought together more than 800 delegates from 40 countries to analyze the challenges that faces palm grove in terms of sustainability (Revista Semana, 2015). The palm industry in our country, opened the field to be one of the most productive sectors, fighting against all adversities and forecasts. This sector has managed to change over the years a reputation for disaster and death, through the surveillance of the State and non-governmental entities, presenting guidelines for the sustainability of the business. In spite of the great political and social obstacles that it has had to overcome with the passing of the years, Colombia has debuted before an increasingly competitive world market, as a country with great potential and economic development in Latin America.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Aceite de palma, Palma africana, Marco legal, Responsabilidad social, Deforestación, Innovación, Palm oil, African palm, Legal framework, Social responsibility, Deforestation, Innovation