Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños escolarizados de 6 a 17 años
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Llanos Lizcano, Leónidas José
García Ruiz, Darwin José
González Torres, Henry J.
Puente Rozo, Pedro
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Título del volumen
Editor
Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria
Resumen
Objetivo: se buscó determinar la prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
(TDAH) en niños de entre 6 a 17 años escolarizados en Barranquilla, para hacer una caracterización
epidemiológica del trastorno en la región Caribe colombiana.
Materiales y métodos: se tomaron 383 niños de una institución educativa a los que se les aplicaron
pruebas de tamizaje (Checklist y BASC). Aquellos sujetos que registraron una puntuación sugestiva de
alguna alteración fueron reprogramados para la realización de la evaluación por medio de la entrevista
estructurada (MINI).
Resultados: de los 383 sujetos evaluados inicialmente, 178 resultaron ser casos de algún tipo de altera -
ción, de estos se confirmó que 59 (15%) tenían diagnóstico de TDAH, con una proporción de 38 varones
y 21 mujeres, lo que arroja una relación 2:1, la distribución por subtipos se dio en 7,3% combinado, 5%
inatento y 3,1% hiperactivo. En total, el 23% de los sujetos evaluados presentaron algún trastorno neu -
ropsiquiátrico y se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el subtipo inatento con la
agorafobia y los episodios depresivos, entre el subtipo hiperactivo con el trastorno oposicionista desa -
fiante y el trastorno de angustia y entre la depresión y el riesgo de suicidio con el subtipo combinado.
Conclusiones: la prevalencia del TDAH en Barranquilla presenta un comportamiento similar a otras
regiones del país, tanto en la prevalencia como en la distribución por subtipos, relación por sexo, tipos
de comorbilidades. Estos datos no están sujetos a factores psicosociales, lo que confirmaría la teoría de
tener una etiología multifactorial.
Objective: we were determined to obtain the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prev - alence among students between the ages of 6 to 17 years in Barranquilla, so we could epidemiologi - cally characterize this disorder in the Caribbean region. Materials and methods: we selected 383 students from a school, to whom we applied the Checklist and BASC evaluations. Those students whose score were suggestive for any neurobehavioral disorder where rescheduled for the MINI structured interview. Results: of the 383 students, 178 were suggestive for a neurobehavioral disorder, of those 59 were confirmed of having ADHD, for a prevalence of 15%, they were distributed 38 male, 21 female, for a 2:1 rate, the subtype distribution was 7,3% for the combined subtype, 5% for the inattentive and 3,1% hyperactive. 23% of all subjects had any neuropsychiatric disorder, and a statistically significant correla - tion was found between the inattentive subtype with agoraphobia and depressive episodes; the hyper - active subtype was correlated with oppositional defiant disorder and panic disorder and finally the combined subtype was correlated with depression and suicide risk. Conclusions: ADHD prevalence in Barranquilla seems to be the same as the founded in other regions of the country, both for prevalence, sex distribution, subtype distribution and comorbidities. This data is not associated with any psychosocial factor, which would confirm the theory that this disorder has a multifactorial etiology.
Objective: we were determined to obtain the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prev - alence among students between the ages of 6 to 17 years in Barranquilla, so we could epidemiologi - cally characterize this disorder in the Caribbean region. Materials and methods: we selected 383 students from a school, to whom we applied the Checklist and BASC evaluations. Those students whose score were suggestive for any neurobehavioral disorder where rescheduled for the MINI structured interview. Results: of the 383 students, 178 were suggestive for a neurobehavioral disorder, of those 59 were confirmed of having ADHD, for a prevalence of 15%, they were distributed 38 male, 21 female, for a 2:1 rate, the subtype distribution was 7,3% for the combined subtype, 5% for the inattentive and 3,1% hyperactive. 23% of all subjects had any neuropsychiatric disorder, and a statistically significant correla - tion was found between the inattentive subtype with agoraphobia and depressive episodes; the hyper - active subtype was correlated with oppositional defiant disorder and panic disorder and finally the combined subtype was correlated with depression and suicide risk. Conclusions: ADHD prevalence in Barranquilla seems to be the same as the founded in other regions of the country, both for prevalence, sex distribution, subtype distribution and comorbidities. This data is not associated with any psychosocial factor, which would confirm the theory that this disorder has a multifactorial etiology.
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Palabras clave
Trastorno por déficit, Trastornos del comportamiento, Trastornos del neurodesarrollo, Trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, Evidence-based practice, Internet, Neonatology, Nursing, Social media