Caracterización de las crisis neonatales en pacientes del Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael, 2012 – 2017
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Gallardo Lizarazo, María del Pilar
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
La investigación tiene como objeto caracterizar la población de pacientes recién nacidos que cursan con crisis en la Unidad Neonatal del Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael (HUCSR), desde 1 de junio 2012 hasta 30 de junio de 2017. Así mismo se describen los factores prenatales, intraparto y postnatales relacionados con la presentación de las crisis en el periodo neonatal. También, presentar las características clínicas y hallazgos paraclínicos de dichos pacientes, describir los fármacos implementados para el manejo de la crisis neonatal y correlacionar los hallazgos con la literatura. La metodología se enmarca dentro del paradigma cuantitativo a través de un estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal realizado con información obtenida de la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el HUCSR que presentaron crisis antes de los 30 días de vida. Los resultados aportan elementos fundamentales con el fin de identificar las variables de riesgo y cimentar el desarrollo de programas tendientes a disminuir su incidencia, así como los fármacos a utilizar para su tratamiento.
Neonatal seizure is an abnormal and excessive activity of a group of neurons in the cerebral cortex with transient alteration of the neurological state. Due to the neonatal brain structure, it can leave neurological sequelae in the long term. Its incidence is less than 5 cases per thousand live births, being higher in preterm with low birth weight. The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for the occurrence of seizures that often reflect a severe underlying brain injury and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, being the most common sign of neurological dysfunction in term infants. These are always medical emergencies which, apart from the need for a timely anticonvulsant in their treatment, the underlying condition is often not obvious. In Colombia, its frequency is around 0.5 to 3% for the term newborn and up to 10 to 20% for the preterm. Few studies are found that relate neonatal crises to etiology and treatment.
Neonatal seizure is an abnormal and excessive activity of a group of neurons in the cerebral cortex with transient alteration of the neurological state. Due to the neonatal brain structure, it can leave neurological sequelae in the long term. Its incidence is less than 5 cases per thousand live births, being higher in preterm with low birth weight. The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for the occurrence of seizures that often reflect a severe underlying brain injury and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, being the most common sign of neurological dysfunction in term infants. These are always medical emergencies which, apart from the need for a timely anticonvulsant in their treatment, the underlying condition is often not obvious. In Colombia, its frequency is around 0.5 to 3% for the term newborn and up to 10 to 20% for the preterm. Few studies are found that relate neonatal crises to etiology and treatment.
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Palabras clave
Crisis neonatal, Crisis convulsiva, Convulsión, Tratamiento, Neonatal seizure, Seizure, Convulsion, Treatment