Efectos de un programa de intervención basado en la cartilla “estilos de vida saludables para superhéroes” en escolares de 7 a 11 años
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Montaña Riveros, Fabio Alexander
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: Un comportamiento saludable relacionado con la nutrición y la actividad física es muy importante para el desarrollo físico y mental del niño. La evidencia de los beneficios de la actividad física en la salud física y calidad de vida está bien documentada, principalmente, los relacionados con un menor riesgo de enfermedad coronaria, hipertensión y diabetes tipo II. A pesar de esta premisa, en las tres últimas décadas, se han incrementado las cifras de obesidad tanto en adultos como en los niños y niñas, y entre los factores clave están la inactividad física, dieta malsana y el comportamiento sedentario medido a través de conductas tales como tiempo empleado viendo TV, usando el computador o jugando con videojuegos. Los hábitos de alimentación inadecuados, el sedentarismo y la violencia escolar afectan la calidad de vida y el bienestar de los escolares, por ello se hace necesario implementar programas basados en la escuela que estimulen estilos de vida saludables.
Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de un programa de intervención basado en la cartilla “Estilos de vida saludables para superheroes” en escolares de 7 a 11 años. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental antes y después en 69 niños de la Institución Educativa Manuela Beltrán de Soledad, Atlántico. La intervención abarcó un total de 36 sesiones de 90 minutos, con una frecuencia de 3 sesiones semanales. Antes y después de la intervención se evaluaron los estilos de vida relacionados con la salud, los niveles de actividad física y el consumo de frutas y verduras.
Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el nivel de actividad física con una diferencia de media de 0,6 (p0,05) y en los estilos de vida relacionados con la salud en -6,3 puntos (p0,05) en el cuestionario FANTASTICO. Al inicio un 46,7% se ubicó en los niveles muy bajos y al final este porcentaje disminuyó a un 11,4% (p0,05). Conclusiones: Los hábitos de salud inadecuados en los escolares constituyen un problema de salud que se puede prevenir tempranamente. Los resultados del estudio indican que las diferentes estrategias planteadas por este programa, pueden contribuir al mejoramiento de los estilos de vida saludable en la población infantil.
Background: Healthy behaviour related to nutrition and physical activity is very important for the child’s physical and mental development. Evidence of the benefits of physical activity in physical health and quality of life is well documented, mainly those related to a lower risk of coronary disease, hypertension and type II diabetes. Despite this premise, in the last three decades, the figures of obesity in both adults and boys and girls, and among key factors employed with physical behavior, are increasing through the use of the computer, as a medium and as a medium to play of the behavior. Inadequate eating habits, sedentary lifestyles and school violence affect the quality of life and welfare of schoolchildren, making it necessary to implement school based programmes that stimulate healthy lifestyles. Objective: Determine the effects of an intervention program based on the booklet "Healthy lifestyles for superheroes" in schoolchildren from 7 to 11 years old. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental study before and after in 69 children of the Educational Institution Manuela Beltrán de Soledad, Atlántico. The intervention covered a total of 36 sessions of 90 minutes, with a frequency of 3 weekly sessions. Before and after the intervention, lifestyles related to health, levels of physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables were evaluated. Results: Significant differences were found in the level of physical activity with a mean difference of 0.6 (p<0.05) and in health-related lifestyles in -6.3 points (p<0.05) in the FANTASTIC questionnaire. At the beginning 46.7% were located at very low levels and in the end this percentage decreased to 11.4% (p <0.05). Significant differences were found in the level of physical activity with a difference of 0.6 (p<0.05) and in lifestyles related to health at -6.3 points (p<0.05) in the FANTASTIC questionnaire. At the beginning, 46.7% was at very low levels and in the end this percentage decreased to 11.4% (p <0.05) Conclusions: Inadequate health habits in school children constitute a health problem that can be prevented early. The results of the study indicate that the different strategies proposed by this program can contribute to the improvement of healthy lifestyles in children.
Background: Healthy behaviour related to nutrition and physical activity is very important for the child’s physical and mental development. Evidence of the benefits of physical activity in physical health and quality of life is well documented, mainly those related to a lower risk of coronary disease, hypertension and type II diabetes. Despite this premise, in the last three decades, the figures of obesity in both adults and boys and girls, and among key factors employed with physical behavior, are increasing through the use of the computer, as a medium and as a medium to play of the behavior. Inadequate eating habits, sedentary lifestyles and school violence affect the quality of life and welfare of schoolchildren, making it necessary to implement school based programmes that stimulate healthy lifestyles. Objective: Determine the effects of an intervention program based on the booklet "Healthy lifestyles for superheroes" in schoolchildren from 7 to 11 years old. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental study before and after in 69 children of the Educational Institution Manuela Beltrán de Soledad, Atlántico. The intervention covered a total of 36 sessions of 90 minutes, with a frequency of 3 weekly sessions. Before and after the intervention, lifestyles related to health, levels of physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables were evaluated. Results: Significant differences were found in the level of physical activity with a mean difference of 0.6 (p<0.05) and in health-related lifestyles in -6.3 points (p<0.05) in the FANTASTIC questionnaire. At the beginning 46.7% were located at very low levels and in the end this percentage decreased to 11.4% (p <0.05). Significant differences were found in the level of physical activity with a difference of 0.6 (p<0.05) and in lifestyles related to health at -6.3 points (p<0.05) in the FANTASTIC questionnaire. At the beginning, 46.7% was at very low levels and in the end this percentage decreased to 11.4% (p <0.05) Conclusions: Inadequate health habits in school children constitute a health problem that can be prevented early. The results of the study indicate that the different strategies proposed by this program can contribute to the improvement of healthy lifestyles in children.
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Estilo de vida saludable, Ejercicio, Niños, Educación primaria y secundaria, Healthy lifestyle, Exercise, Children, Primary and secondary education