Efectos de un programa de intervención para incrementar la condición física en escolares de 8 a 10 años en una institución educativa de la ciudad de Barranquilla.
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Salas Marquez, Laureano
Santamaría Galindo, Rafael
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: El uso de la tecnología en la vida cotidiana ha traído desarrollo a las
comunidades desde distintos aspectos, aunque, ha contribuido a que sean físicamente
menos activas y más sedentarios, trayendo como consecuencias altos costos sociales y
económicos, sobre todo en lo que concierne a la salud. La actividad física (AF) regular se
asocia a una vida más saludable y con mayor calidad de vida, por el contrario, la
inactividad física es un factor de riesgo para enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), entre
cuales se encuentran las enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes y cáncer. A pesar de
los reconocidos beneficios de la AF, la mayoría de las personas adultas, niños, niñas y
adolescentes no desarrollan una AF suficiente como para lograr beneficios a la salud,
situación que es similar en todo el mundo, tanto en los países desarrollados como en los
países en desarrollo. La inactividad física, se reconoce entonces como uno de los
principales factores de riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad por ENT y su prevalencia es
más elevada que la de todos los demás factores de riesgo modificables. En este sentido,
la inactividad física durante los primeros años de vida se reconoce actualmente como un
importante factor para el incremento de los niveles de obesidad infantil, considerándose
ésta como un problema de salud pública.
Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de un programa de intervención para incrementar la
condición física en escolares de 8 a 10 años en una institución educativa de la ciudad de
Barranquilla.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio experimental pre-post con grupo control en 60
estudiantes de una institución educativa de Barranquilla. El programa de ejercicios físico
tuvo una frecuencia de tres veces por semana, con una duración de 60 minutos durante
cuatro meses, además, se desarrollaron talleres y charlas con los padres usando material
educativo. Se evaluó la condición física mediante la Batería FitnessGram.
Resultados: El perímetro abdominal, en el grupo control, al inicio de la intervención tenía
un valor de 66,6±7,6 cm y en la reevaluación, disminuyó a 64,6±7,8 cm (p0,05); estos
mismos valores se mantuvieron constantes en el grupo control, es decir, no se alteraron.
Para el IMC antes de la aplicación del programa en el grupo experimental se muestra un
dato de 17,8 ±2,5 Kg/m2 que disminuye después de la intervención a 17,1±2,4 Kg/m2;
tales valores se mantuvieron constantes en el grupo control.
Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que programas de actividad física en las
escuelas y más en tempranas edades contribuyen a que el niño vaya generando estilos
de vida saludable.
Background: The use of technology in everyday life has brought development to communities from different aspects, although it has contributed to their being physically less active and more sedentary, bringing as consequences high social and economiccosts, especially in terms of health.Regular physical activity (AF) is associated with a healthier life and higher quality of life, on the contrary, physical inactivity is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. Despite the recognized benefits of AF, most adults, children and adolescents do not develop sufficient AF to achieve health benefits, a situation that is similar worldwide in both developed and developing countries. Physical inactivity is then recognized as one of the main risk factors for morbidity and mortality from TNAs and its prevalence is higher than that of all other modifiable risk factors. In this sense, physical inactivity during the first years of life is now recognized as an important factor in increasing levels of childhood obesity, which is considered a public health problem. Objective: the objective of this research was to determine the effects of an intervention program to increase the physical condition in school children from 8 to 10 years of age in an educational institution in the city of Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: we worked in an educational institution in Barranquilla with a sample of 60 children. The intervention was applied during the four-month period, workshops and talks with the parents were developed with educational material, the children underwent a physical exercise program with a frequency of three times a week, with a duration of 60 minutes, In addition, a scale, a tape measure and a tallimeter were used to obtain the data of the sociodemographic variables that are: weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Results: after the intervention The results of the analysis of the data indicate that the baseline characteristics of the students between the control and experimental group did not present significant differences (p0.05), regarding the abdominal perimeter, in the control group , at the beginning of the intervention it had a value of 66.6 ± 7.6 cm and in the re-evaluation, it decreased to 64.6 ± 7.8 cm (p0.05); these same values were kept constant in the control group, that is, they were not altered. For the IMC before the application of the program in the experimental group, a figure of 17.8 ± 2.5 Kg / m2 is shown, which decreases after the intervention to 17.1 ± 2.4 Kg / m2; such values were kept constant in the control group. Conclusions: the results show that physical activity programs in schools and more in early ages contribute to the child's generation of healthy lifestyles.
Background: The use of technology in everyday life has brought development to communities from different aspects, although it has contributed to their being physically less active and more sedentary, bringing as consequences high social and economiccosts, especially in terms of health.Regular physical activity (AF) is associated with a healthier life and higher quality of life, on the contrary, physical inactivity is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. Despite the recognized benefits of AF, most adults, children and adolescents do not develop sufficient AF to achieve health benefits, a situation that is similar worldwide in both developed and developing countries. Physical inactivity is then recognized as one of the main risk factors for morbidity and mortality from TNAs and its prevalence is higher than that of all other modifiable risk factors. In this sense, physical inactivity during the first years of life is now recognized as an important factor in increasing levels of childhood obesity, which is considered a public health problem. Objective: the objective of this research was to determine the effects of an intervention program to increase the physical condition in school children from 8 to 10 years of age in an educational institution in the city of Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: we worked in an educational institution in Barranquilla with a sample of 60 children. The intervention was applied during the four-month period, workshops and talks with the parents were developed with educational material, the children underwent a physical exercise program with a frequency of three times a week, with a duration of 60 minutes, In addition, a scale, a tape measure and a tallimeter were used to obtain the data of the sociodemographic variables that are: weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Results: after the intervention The results of the analysis of the data indicate that the baseline characteristics of the students between the control and experimental group did not present significant differences (p0.05), regarding the abdominal perimeter, in the control group , at the beginning of the intervention it had a value of 66.6 ± 7.6 cm and in the re-evaluation, it decreased to 64.6 ± 7.8 cm (p0.05); these same values were kept constant in the control group, that is, they were not altered. For the IMC before the application of the program in the experimental group, a figure of 17.8 ± 2.5 Kg / m2 is shown, which decreases after the intervention to 17.1 ± 2.4 Kg / m2; such values were kept constant in the control group. Conclusions: the results show that physical activity programs in schools and more in early ages contribute to the child's generation of healthy lifestyles.
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Palabras clave
Condición física, Escuela, Niños, Índice de masa corporal, Pysical Fitness, School, Children, Body mass index