Calidad de vida, funcionalidad y condición física en adultos mayores institucionalizados y no institucionalizados
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Herazo-Beltrán, Yaneth
Quintero-Cruz, María Victoria
Pinillos-Patiño, Yisel
García-Puello, Floralinda
Núñez-Bravo, Narledys
Suarez-Palacio, Damaris
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Cooperativa servicios y suministros 212518 RS
Resumen
Objetivo: Estimar las diferencias en la calidad de vida,
funcionalidad y condición física en adultos mayores que
residen en una institución en comparación con aquellos
que viven en sus hogares.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte
transversal en 113 adultos mayores institucionalizados y
132 adultos mayores de 60 años que viven en su residencia
habitual. Se aplicaron las pruebas: Cuestionario SF-36,
Medida de Independencia Funcional, Escala de Lawton,
Escala de Berg y la Batería Senior Fitness.
Resultados: De las dimensiones de calidad de vida, el funcionamiento
físico en los institucionalizados presentó un
promedio de 49,5±30,4 y en los no institucionalizados de
75,4±25,6. La funcionalidad en las AVD evidenció mayor
promedio en los adultos mayores no institucionalizados
(123,4±4,8) que en los institucionalizados (112,3±20,1).
El 88,5% de los institucionalizados y el 77,1% de los no
institucionalizados presentaron bajos niveles de actividad física
(p<0,05). La variable de condición física arrojó mejores
resultados en los adultos mayores no institucionalizados.
Conclusiones: La condición de institucionalización se relaciona
con menores promedios en calidad de vida, funcionalidad
y condición física.
Objective: To estimate the differences in quality of life, functionality and physical fitness institutionalized and not institutionalized elderly. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 113 institutionalized elderly adults and 132 elderly adults living in their habitual residence. The following tests were applied: the SF-36 questionnaire, Functional Independence Measure, Yale Physical Activity Survey, Lawton scale, Berg scale, and Senior Fitness. Results: Of the dimensions of quality of life, the physical functioning in the institutionalized presented an average of 49.5 ± 30.4 and in the non-institutionalized of 75.4 ± 25.6. The functionality in ADL showed a higher average in non-institutionalized older adults (123.4 ± 4.8) than in institutionalized ones (112.3 ± 20.1). 88.5% of the institutionalized and 77.1% of the non-institutionalized had low levels of physical activity (p <0.05). The physical condition variable showed better results in non-institutionalized older adults. Conclusions: The condition of institutionalization is related to lower averages in quality of life, functionality and physical condition.
Objective: To estimate the differences in quality of life, functionality and physical fitness institutionalized and not institutionalized elderly. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 113 institutionalized elderly adults and 132 elderly adults living in their habitual residence. The following tests were applied: the SF-36 questionnaire, Functional Independence Measure, Yale Physical Activity Survey, Lawton scale, Berg scale, and Senior Fitness. Results: Of the dimensions of quality of life, the physical functioning in the institutionalized presented an average of 49.5 ± 30.4 and in the non-institutionalized of 75.4 ± 25.6. The functionality in ADL showed a higher average in non-institutionalized older adults (123.4 ± 4.8) than in institutionalized ones (112.3 ± 20.1). 88.5% of the institutionalized and 77.1% of the non-institutionalized had low levels of physical activity (p <0.05). The physical condition variable showed better results in non-institutionalized older adults. Conclusions: The condition of institutionalization is related to lower averages in quality of life, functionality and physical condition.
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Palabras clave
Anciano, Calidad de vida, Hogares para ancianos, Actividades cotidianas, Elderly, Quality of life, Homes for the aged, Daily activities