Dinámica exportadora del sector cárnico en el departamento del Atlántico: aplicación de modelos panel data
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2014
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El comercio internacional para cualquier país, resulta de gran importancia en la dinámica económica del mismo, y en el impulso de sus industrias y sectores. Es por ello, que las exportaciones están asociadas a la actividad económica que permite la salida de mercancías de un país a otro país para su uso o consumo, se busca establecer una relación comercial entre un país de origen a uno de destino. En este orden de ideas, la presente investigación es producto de tuvo como objetivo analizar la dinámica exportadora del sector cárnico en el departamento del Atlántico. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se utilizó un enfoque tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo, se desarrolló bajo un diseño no experimental de corte longitudinal, el tipo fue analítico. Para dicho análisis, se utilizaron dos modelos panel data; un modelo panel de crecimiento y un modelo gravitacional, aplicado a la base de datos de la DIAN sobre los registros de las exportaciones en el departamento correspondientes al periodo 2006-2010. En el análisis se comprobaron las teorías expuestas por Hecksher-Ohlin y Paul Krugman sobre economía internacional en el contexto estudiado. En cuanto a los resultados expuestos por los modelos panel data, estos sugieren en primer lugar, que existe una relación muy significativa entre la tasa de crecimiento y el volumen de exportación del sector cárnico en el Departamento del Atlántico, por lo tanto es conveniente estimular la exportación de este tipo de bienes a países como Venezuela, Perú y Estados Unidos, a través de acuerdos comerciales que favorezcan al sector ganadero. El modelo gravitacional, confirma la importancia del comercio con las países mencionados anteriormente, puesto que muestra una relación significativa entre las variables PIB y distancia, en el caso de Estado Unidos corresponde a una economía grande y con muchas demanda de este bien, y la poca distancia existente entre Venezuela y Perú, favorecen al sector en la reducción de costos de transporte. Además se concluyó, que existe una fuerte relación entre la tasa de crecimiento y el volumen de exportaciones del sector cárnico, acompañada por variables como la distancia entre los socios comerciales y el PIB (tamaño de la economía) a la que se exporta.
International trade for any country, is of great importance in the economic dynamics of it, and in the momentum of its industries and sectors. That is why exports are associated with economic activity that allows the departure of goods from one country to another country for its use or consumption, it seeks to establish a commercial relationship between a country of origin to one of destination. In this order of ideas, the present research is the product of its objective was to analyze the export dynamics of the meat sector in the department of Atlántico. From the methodological point of view, a quantitative and qualitative approach was used, it was developed under a non-experimental design of longitudinal cut, the type was analytical. For this analysis, two panel data models were used; a growth panel model and a gravitational model, applied to the database of the DIAN on the records of exports in the department for the period 2006-2010. In the analysis, the theories expounded by Hecksher-Ohlin and Paul Krugman on international economics in the context studied were verified. Regarding the results presented by the panel data models, these suggest, first of all, that there is a very significant relationship between the growth rate and the export volume of the meat sector in the Department of Atlántico, therefore it is convenient to stimulate the export of this type of goods to countries such as Venezuela, Peru and the United States, through trade agreements that favor the livestock sector. The gravitational model confirms the importance of trade with the aforementioned countries, since it shows a significant relationship between the variables GDP and distance, in the case of the United States it corresponds to a large economy with many demands for this good, and the distance between Venezuela and Peru, favor the sector in reducing transport costs. It was also concluded that there is a strong relationship between the growth rate and the volume of exports of the meat sector, accompanied by variables such as the distance between the commercial partners and the GDP (size of the economy) to which it is exported.
International trade for any country, is of great importance in the economic dynamics of it, and in the momentum of its industries and sectors. That is why exports are associated with economic activity that allows the departure of goods from one country to another country for its use or consumption, it seeks to establish a commercial relationship between a country of origin to one of destination. In this order of ideas, the present research is the product of its objective was to analyze the export dynamics of the meat sector in the department of Atlántico. From the methodological point of view, a quantitative and qualitative approach was used, it was developed under a non-experimental design of longitudinal cut, the type was analytical. For this analysis, two panel data models were used; a growth panel model and a gravitational model, applied to the database of the DIAN on the records of exports in the department for the period 2006-2010. In the analysis, the theories expounded by Hecksher-Ohlin and Paul Krugman on international economics in the context studied were verified. Regarding the results presented by the panel data models, these suggest, first of all, that there is a very significant relationship between the growth rate and the export volume of the meat sector in the Department of Atlántico, therefore it is convenient to stimulate the export of this type of goods to countries such as Venezuela, Peru and the United States, through trade agreements that favor the livestock sector. The gravitational model confirms the importance of trade with the aforementioned countries, since it shows a significant relationship between the variables GDP and distance, in the case of the United States it corresponds to a large economy with many demands for this good, and the distance between Venezuela and Peru, favor the sector in reducing transport costs. It was also concluded that there is a strong relationship between the growth rate and the volume of exports of the meat sector, accompanied by variables such as the distance between the commercial partners and the GDP (size of the economy) to which it is exported.
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Palabras clave
Comercio Internacional, Exportaciones, Modelos panel data, Sector cárnico, International Trade, Exports, Panel data models, Meat sector