Características sociodemográficas de la población adulta de la parroquia cumbe, Cuenca-Ecuador
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Ortiz, Rina
Torres, Maritza
Peña Cordero, Susana
Quinde, Guillermo
Durazno, Gloria Cecilia
Palacios, Nancy
Culcay Verdugo, Cristina
Carabajo Rivera, Alexandra
Ávila León, Soledad
Añez, Roberto J.
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Editor
Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica
Resumen
Introducción: El crecimiento económico y social de Latinoamérica
ha variado a través de su historia, así como la percepción
de la importancia de factores socioeconómicos en el
proceso salud-enfermedad. Ecuador es un país latinoamericano
que se ha visto envuelto en este crecimiento y en cambios
en la pirámide poblacional y todos los factores que a ella
respecta, por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar
las características sociodemográficas de la población adulta
de Cumbe-Ecuador.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de campo, descriptivo
y transversal con muestreo aleatorio multietápico, en
el cual se evaluaron 374 individuos adultos de ambos sexos,
residentes de la parroquia rural de Cumbe de la ciudad de
Cuenca, provincia del Azuay. Se les realizó historia clínica
que abarca las características sociodemográficas y examen
físico de manera integral. Las variables cualitativas fueron
expresadas en frecuencias absolutas y relativas.
Resultados: Se evaluaron a 374 individuos, de los cuales el
66,31% (n=248) perteneció al sexo femenino. A medida que
aumentó la edad se redujo el nivel de estatus socioeconómico.
Al evaluar el nivel educativo, se observó que la educación primaria
fue más frecuente tanto en la pobreza extrema (68,4%)
como la clase obrera (63,9%), mientras que en la clase media
y clase media-alta tuvo mayor frecuencia de estudios superiores
con 60% y 41,8% respectivamente, con una asociación
estadísticamente significativa (χ2=66,047; p<0,001).
Conclusión: Se observa una distribución sociodemográfica
poblacional acorde a las cifras de la Provincia de Azuay, con
un mayor porcentaje de individuos del sexo femenino, una
población joven, con alta frecuencia de sujetos casados, de
clase obrera y con nivel educativo principalmente por debajo
de la educación superior. Por lo que se deben aumentar los
esfuerzos políticos en la búsqueda de una población con un
mayor nivel educativo y socioeconómico.
Introduction: The economic and social growth of Latin America has varied throughout its history, as well as the perception of the importance of socioeconomic factors in the health-disease process. Ecuador is a Latin American country that has been involved in this growth and changes in the population pyramid and all the factors that affect it, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the socio-demogra-phic characteristics of the adult population of Cumbe-Ecuador. Materials and methods: A field, descriptive, cross-sectional study with multistaged randomized sampling was carried out in 374 adults of both genders, residents of the rural parish of Cumbe of Cuenca city, province of Azuay. A clinical history covering the socio-demographic characteristics and physical examination was performed in an integral manner. Qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Of the total of 374 individuals evaluated, 66.31% (n = 248) were female. As the age increased, the level of socioeconomic status was reduced. In evaluating the educational level, it was observed that primary education was more frequent in both extreme poverty (68.4%) and the working class (63.9%), while in the middle and upper-middle classes it was higher frequency of higher studies with 60% and 41.8% respectively, with a statistically significant association (χ2=66.047; p<0.001). Conclusion: In Cumbe was found a population-based sociodemographic distribution according to the Azuay Province, with a higher percentage of females, a young population, with a high frequency of married subjects, of working class and educational level mainly below higher education. Therefore, political efforts should be increased in the search for a population with a higher educational and socioeconomic level.
Introduction: The economic and social growth of Latin America has varied throughout its history, as well as the perception of the importance of socioeconomic factors in the health-disease process. Ecuador is a Latin American country that has been involved in this growth and changes in the population pyramid and all the factors that affect it, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the socio-demogra-phic characteristics of the adult population of Cumbe-Ecuador. Materials and methods: A field, descriptive, cross-sectional study with multistaged randomized sampling was carried out in 374 adults of both genders, residents of the rural parish of Cumbe of Cuenca city, province of Azuay. A clinical history covering the socio-demographic characteristics and physical examination was performed in an integral manner. Qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Of the total of 374 individuals evaluated, 66.31% (n = 248) were female. As the age increased, the level of socioeconomic status was reduced. In evaluating the educational level, it was observed that primary education was more frequent in both extreme poverty (68.4%) and the working class (63.9%), while in the middle and upper-middle classes it was higher frequency of higher studies with 60% and 41.8% respectively, with a statistically significant association (χ2=66.047; p<0.001). Conclusion: In Cumbe was found a population-based sociodemographic distribution according to the Azuay Province, with a higher percentage of females, a young population, with a high frequency of married subjects, of working class and educational level mainly below higher education. Therefore, political efforts should be increased in the search for a population with a higher educational and socioeconomic level.
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Palabras clave
Estatus socioeconómico, Actividad laboral, Nivel educativo, Población rural, Socioeconomic status, Educational level, Work activity, Rural population