Efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico multicomponente en casa, sobre la longitud telomérica en sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad, Barranquilla, 2022- 2023
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Pernett Martínez, Luis Alfredo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico multicomponente
en casa, sobre la longitud telomérica en sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad, de la
ciudad de Barranquilla, durante el periodo 2022-2023.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuasi-experimental pre-post. Se estudiaron 26
sujetos recién ingresantes a un programa de Rehabilitación cardiaca, con
sobrepeso u obesidad, sin entrenamiento cardiopulmonar o de resistencia muscular
en el último año. Participaron en un programa de ejercicio de 3 meses, basado en
fuerza muscular, entrenamiento del equilibrio, coordinación motora y flexibilidad. Se
midieron variables antropométricas (peso, talla, perímetro de cintura) de forma
estandarizada, antes y después de la intervención y la longitud telomérica. El ADN
genómico se extrajo automáticamente del leucocito utilizando el instrumento
Maxwell MDx (Promega Corporation®, Madison-WI) y el kit de purificación de ADN
en sangre Maxwell®. El termociclador utilizado fue el 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR
System (Applied Biosystems®). Para la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa se
utilizó el kit SYBR Green PCR Mastermix (Qiagen®) en un volumen final de 20μL.
Se utilizó la prueba t pareada apropiada o la prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar los
datos antes y después de las intervenciones, considerando el valor <0,05 como
indicativo de significancia estadística. Todos los análisis se realizaron con el
software SPSS™ V24.
Resultados: 46,2% de los participantes fueron hombres. El promedio de edad fue
60,5 +/-7,4 años. Se encontró un descenso en el IMC medio: de 29,3+/-3,8 a 29,0+/-
3,6 y un aumento en las longitudes teloméricas (kb) genómica y cromosómica:
726,6+/-173,5 a 760,8+/-236,1 y 7,9+/-1,9 a 8,3+/-2,6, respectivamente. Estos
cambios no fueron estadísticamente significativos (p>0,05).
Conclusión: El entrenamiento con ejercicio combinado promovió el alargamiento
de la longitud telomérica. El tiempo de entrenamiento no pudo promover una pérdida
de peso importante, pero se han demostrado beneficios metabólicos de la actividad
física para la obesidad
Objective: Determine the effect of a multicomponent physical exercise program at home on telomere length in overweight and obese subjects from the city of Barranquilla, during the period 2022-2023. Materials and methods: Pre-post quasi-experimental study. Twenty-six subjects newly admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation program, overweight or obese, without cardiopulmonary or muscular resistance training in the last year were studied. They participated in a 3-month exercise program, based on muscle strength, balance training, motor coordination and flexibility. Anthropometric variables (weight, height, waist circumference) were measured in a standardized way, before and after the intervention, and telomere length. Genomic DNA was automatically extracted from the leukocyte using the Maxwell MDx instrument (Promega Corporation®, MadisonWI) and the Maxwell® Blood DNA Purification Kit. The thermal cycler used was the 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems®). For the Polymerase Chain Reaction, the SYBR Green PCR Mastermix kit (Qiagen®) was used in a final volume of 20μL. The appropriate paired t test or Wilcoxon test was used to compare data before and after the interventions, with the value <0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. All analyzes were performed using SPSS™ V24 software. Results: 46.2% of the participants were men. The average age was 60.5 +/-7.4 years. A decrease in mean BMI was found: from 29.3+/-3.8 to 29.0+/-3.6 and an increase in genomic and chromosomal telomere lengths (kb): 726.6+/-173 .5 to 760.8+/-236.1 and 7.9+/-1.9 to 8.3+/-2.6, respectively. These changes were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Combined exercise training promoted telomere length lengthening. Training time failed to promote significant weight loss, but metabolic benefits of physical activity for obesity have been demonstrated.
Objective: Determine the effect of a multicomponent physical exercise program at home on telomere length in overweight and obese subjects from the city of Barranquilla, during the period 2022-2023. Materials and methods: Pre-post quasi-experimental study. Twenty-six subjects newly admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation program, overweight or obese, without cardiopulmonary or muscular resistance training in the last year were studied. They participated in a 3-month exercise program, based on muscle strength, balance training, motor coordination and flexibility. Anthropometric variables (weight, height, waist circumference) were measured in a standardized way, before and after the intervention, and telomere length. Genomic DNA was automatically extracted from the leukocyte using the Maxwell MDx instrument (Promega Corporation®, MadisonWI) and the Maxwell® Blood DNA Purification Kit. The thermal cycler used was the 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems®). For the Polymerase Chain Reaction, the SYBR Green PCR Mastermix kit (Qiagen®) was used in a final volume of 20μL. The appropriate paired t test or Wilcoxon test was used to compare data before and after the interventions, with the value <0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. All analyzes were performed using SPSS™ V24 software. Results: 46.2% of the participants were men. The average age was 60.5 +/-7.4 years. A decrease in mean BMI was found: from 29.3+/-3.8 to 29.0+/-3.6 and an increase in genomic and chromosomal telomere lengths (kb): 726.6+/-173 .5 to 760.8+/-236.1 and 7.9+/-1.9 to 8.3+/-2.6, respectively. These changes were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Combined exercise training promoted telomere length lengthening. Training time failed to promote significant weight loss, but metabolic benefits of physical activity for obesity have been demonstrated.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sobrepeso, Obesidad, Longitud telomérica, Entrenamiento físico, Overweight, Obesity, Telomere length, Physical training