Análisis de la seguridad jurídica colombiana frente a la estabilidad laboral reforzada de trabajadores con afectación en la salud
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Forgiony Santos, Alex Giovanni
Ojeda Quintero, Eliana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En el marco del artículo 53 de la constitución política de Colombia de 1991, el cual regula los principios fundamentales del derecho laboral colombiano y que los mismos son de obligatorio cumplimiento en toda relación laboral, por cuanto garantiza condiciones mínimas e irrenunciables que permiten al trabajador desarrollar sus labores en condiciones de dignidad humana, es importante resaltar la estabilidad en el empleo de personas que con ocasión del trabajo desempeñado presentan una afectación de salud, bien sea enfermedad de origen laboral o de origen común, ya sea física, mental o social, pero que la misma se presenta en la ejecución de una relación laboral, el objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue analizar las garantías del ordenamiento jurídico Colombiano frente a la estabilidad laboral reforzada de trabajadores con afectación en la salud. La metodología Consistió en una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, partiendo de un paradigma interpretativo, usando el método hermenéutico por medio del cual se realizó un estudio de los criterios de las altas cortes con respecto a sus pronunciamiento mediante la línea jurisprudencial en casos similares de estabilidad laboral reforzada de personas con debilidad manifiesta, de igual forma se hizo la revisión de la normatividad vigente, identificando los principios constitucionales, como base primordial al momento de legislar y dar aplicación por parte del aparato judicial a las distintas leyes, normas, decretos e incluso pronunciamientos y tratados internaciones que en materia del derecho al trabajo han sido ratificados por el estado y que tratan sobre la estabilidad del empleo de trabajadores con afectación en la salud.
Se pudo evidenciar en los resultados arrojados en la presente investigación que existe controversias entre los pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional y la Corte Suprema de Justicia, al momento de pronunciarse sobre casos similares en donde se busca la protección de la estabilidad laboral reforzada de trabajadores con debilidad manifiesta, por cuanto la postura de la Corte Constitucional se centra en los preceptos constitucionales que permiten mayor efectividad al momento de conceder al trabajador con afectación en la salud, la protección del derecho a la estabilidad en el trabajo, aun sin mantener un rango de calificación de la disminución de la salud determinado, mientras que por el contrario la Corte Suprema de Justicia, ha sido reiterativa en enfatizar, que la protección al derecho de estabilidad laboral reforzada, se debe dar a los trabajadores que ostenten un grado de disminución de la salud determinado en concordancia con los artículos 1, 5, 26 de la Ley 361 de 1997. La contradicción entre ambos órganos crea incertidumbre en la aplicación efectiva de la normatividad vigente creada para proteger en el caso específico a los trabajadores que han visto disminuida su salud ya sea física o mental, lo cual transgrede además el derecho a la igualdad, tomando en cuenta que ambas cortes han tenido pronunciamientos diferentes en fallos de casos similares. Es importante resaltar que nace la necesidad que el ente legislativo, observe la necesidad de realizar modificaciones en la ley 361 de 1997, en aras de dar mayor sustento a la protección de estabilidad laboral reforzada no solo a los trabajadores que ostentan un grado de PCL determinado, sino aquellos que por mantienen una debilidad manifiesta.
Within the framework of article 53 of the Political Constitution of Colombia of 1991, which regulates the fundamental principles of Colombian labor law and that they are mandatory in any employment relationship, since it guarantees minimum and inalienable conditions that allow the worker to carry out his work in conditions of human dignity, It is important to highlight the stability in the employment of people who on the occasion of the work performed present a health affectation, either disease of work origin or of common origin, whether physical, mental or social, but that it occurs in the execution of an employment relationship, the main objective of this research was to analyze the guarantees of the legal system Colombian in the face of reinforced job stability of workers with health impact. The methodology consisted of a qualitative research, starting from an interpretative paradigm, using the hermeneutic method through which a study of the criteria of the high courts with respect to their pronouncements was carried out through the jurisprudential line in similar cases of reinforced job stability of people with manifest weakness, Similarly, the current regulations were reviewed, identifying constitutional principles as the primary basis for legislating and applying by the judicial apparatus the various laws, regulations, decrees and even international pronouncements and treaties on the right to work that have been ratified by the State and that deal with the stability of employment of workers with health problems. It was evident in the results of this research that there are controversies between the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Justice, at the time of ruling on similar cases where the protection of the reinforced labor stability of workers with manifest weakness is sought, since the position of the Constitutional Court focuses on the constitutional precepts that allow greater effectiveness when granting the worker with health impairment, the protection of the right to stability at work, even without maintaining a range of qualification of the decrease in health determined, while, on the contrary, the Supreme Court of Justice has been reiterative in emphasizing that the protection of the right to reinforced labor stability must be given to workers who have a degree of health decline determined in accordance with articles 1, 5, 26 of Law 361 of 1997. The contradiction between the two bodies creates uncertainty in the effective application of the current regulations created to protect in the specific case workers who have seen their physical or mental health diminished, which also violates the right to equality, taking into account that both courts have had different pronouncements in rulings of similar cases. It is important to emphasize that the need arises that the legislative entity, Note the need to make modifications in Law 361 of 1997, in order to give greater support to the protection of reinforced labor stability not only to workers who hold a certain degree of PCL, but also those who maintain a manifest weakness.
Within the framework of article 53 of the Political Constitution of Colombia of 1991, which regulates the fundamental principles of Colombian labor law and that they are mandatory in any employment relationship, since it guarantees minimum and inalienable conditions that allow the worker to carry out his work in conditions of human dignity, It is important to highlight the stability in the employment of people who on the occasion of the work performed present a health affectation, either disease of work origin or of common origin, whether physical, mental or social, but that it occurs in the execution of an employment relationship, the main objective of this research was to analyze the guarantees of the legal system Colombian in the face of reinforced job stability of workers with health impact. The methodology consisted of a qualitative research, starting from an interpretative paradigm, using the hermeneutic method through which a study of the criteria of the high courts with respect to their pronouncements was carried out through the jurisprudential line in similar cases of reinforced job stability of people with manifest weakness, Similarly, the current regulations were reviewed, identifying constitutional principles as the primary basis for legislating and applying by the judicial apparatus the various laws, regulations, decrees and even international pronouncements and treaties on the right to work that have been ratified by the State and that deal with the stability of employment of workers with health problems. It was evident in the results of this research that there are controversies between the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Justice, at the time of ruling on similar cases where the protection of the reinforced labor stability of workers with manifest weakness is sought, since the position of the Constitutional Court focuses on the constitutional precepts that allow greater effectiveness when granting the worker with health impairment, the protection of the right to stability at work, even without maintaining a range of qualification of the decrease in health determined, while, on the contrary, the Supreme Court of Justice has been reiterative in emphasizing that the protection of the right to reinforced labor stability must be given to workers who have a degree of health decline determined in accordance with articles 1, 5, 26 of Law 361 of 1997. The contradiction between the two bodies creates uncertainty in the effective application of the current regulations created to protect in the specific case workers who have seen their physical or mental health diminished, which also violates the right to equality, taking into account that both courts have had different pronouncements in rulings of similar cases. It is important to emphasize that the need arises that the legislative entity, Note the need to make modifications in Law 361 of 1997, in order to give greater support to the protection of reinforced labor stability not only to workers who hold a certain degree of PCL, but also those who maintain a manifest weakness.
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Palabras clave
Derechos irrenunciables, Estabilidad laboral reforzada, Jurisprudencia, Confrontación, Protección, Inalienable rights, Reinforced job stability, Jurisprudence, Confrontation, Protection