Abordaje terapéutico desde el modelo cognitivo conductual, en un paciente privado de la libertad con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia paranoide y trastorno depresivo persistente
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Almarales Segura, Yessica Judith
Ching Vieira, Eileen Johana
De La Cruz Polo, Tatiana Paola
Valderrama Medina, Paula Marcela
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este estudio de caso presenta un análisis detallado del enfoque psicoterapéutico basado en el modelo cognitivo-conductual aplicado a un paciente con un diagnóstico de esquizofrenia paranoide y distimia que se encuentra privado de la libertad. La investigación se centra en el uso de diversas escalas psicométricas, incluyendo la escala de habilidades sociales de Goldstein, el inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI-2), el inventario de ansiedad de Beck y el inventario de pensamientos automáticos de Ruiz y Luján. Durante el proceso de evaluación e intervención, se llevaron a cabo un total de 10 sesiones de terapia para abordar dos problemáticas principales: la falta de habilidades sociales (p1) y el estado de ánimo depresivo (p2). Estas sesiones se enfocaron en técnicas cognitivo-conductuales con el objetivo de lograr una mejora en el paciente. Las estrategias utilizadas incluyeron la psicoeducación, la reestructuración cognitiva de los pensamientos automáticos y el entrenamiento en habilidades sociales mediante el uso de rol-play y exposición grupal. Los resultados mostraron una disminución en las distorsiones cognitivas y las conductas asociadas a ellas, así como una reducción del aislamiento social. Además, se observó un aumento en las actividades placenteras y una mayor capacidad del paciente para reconocer y gestionar sus emociones. Estos cambios permitieron que el paciente desarrollara y fortaleciera sus habilidades sociales, lo que a su vez contribuyó a una mejor construcción de relaciones interpersonales y a una mayor estabilidad en su estado de ánimo. Esto, a su vez, facilitó una mejor adaptación y funcionalidad en su entorno. Este estudio de caso pretende ser una herramienta valiosa para los psicólogos clínicos que trabajan en el campo de los trastornos mencionados anteriormente, proporcionándoles una base teórica sólida y estrategias prácticas para abordar estos problemas en sus propias prácticas.
This case study presents a detailed analysis of the psychotherapeutic approach based on the cognitive-behavioral model applied to a patient with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and dysthymia who is deprived of liberty. The research focuses on the use of various psychometric scales, including the Goldstein social skills scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Ruiz and Luján automatic thoughts inventory. During the assessment and intervention process, a total of 10 therapy sessions were conducted to address two main issues: lack of social skills (p1) and depressive mood (p2). These sessions focused on cognitive-behavioral techniques with the aim of achieving an improvement in the patient. The strategies used included psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring of automatic thoughts, and social skills training using role-play and group exposure. Results showed a decrease in cognitive distortions and associated behaviors, as well as a reduction in social isolation. In addition, an increase in pleasurable activities and an increased ability of the patient to recognize and manage his emotions were observed. These changes allowed the patient to develop and strengthen his social skills, which in turn contributed to better interpersonal relationship building and greater mood stability. This, in turn, facilitated better adaptation and functionality in his environment. This case study is intended to be a valuable tool for clinical psychologists working in the field of the aforementioned disorders, providing them with a solid theoretical basis and practical strategies to address these problems in their own practices.
This case study presents a detailed analysis of the psychotherapeutic approach based on the cognitive-behavioral model applied to a patient with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and dysthymia who is deprived of liberty. The research focuses on the use of various psychometric scales, including the Goldstein social skills scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Ruiz and Luján automatic thoughts inventory. During the assessment and intervention process, a total of 10 therapy sessions were conducted to address two main issues: lack of social skills (p1) and depressive mood (p2). These sessions focused on cognitive-behavioral techniques with the aim of achieving an improvement in the patient. The strategies used included psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring of automatic thoughts, and social skills training using role-play and group exposure. Results showed a decrease in cognitive distortions and associated behaviors, as well as a reduction in social isolation. In addition, an increase in pleasurable activities and an increased ability of the patient to recognize and manage his emotions were observed. These changes allowed the patient to develop and strengthen his social skills, which in turn contributed to better interpersonal relationship building and greater mood stability. This, in turn, facilitated better adaptation and functionality in his environment. This case study is intended to be a valuable tool for clinical psychologists working in the field of the aforementioned disorders, providing them with a solid theoretical basis and practical strategies to address these problems in their own practices.
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Palabras clave
Distimia, Esquizofrenia paranoide, Intervención, Técnicas Cognitivo-Comportamental, Estudio de caso, Dysthymia, Paranoid Schizophrenia, Intervention, Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques, Case study