Tiempo de ejecución como probable fenotipo del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Quintero Ibarra, Marisol
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad TDAH es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por falta de atención, hiperactividad o impulsividad. Las manifestaciones del TDAH son numerosas y diversas. Algunas personas con este diagnóstico muestran más hiperactividad e impulsividad, mientras que otros
tienen más síntomas de falta de atención.
Ahora bien, el tiempo de reacción es el período entre la activación del estímulo y la respuesta motora del sujeto. La calificación del tiempo de reacción mide la
capacidad de una persona para procesar información. El TDAH es uno de los trastornos infantiles más comunes, pero ningún deterioro cognitivo específico es
universal en los pacientes con TDAH. Sin embargo, uno de los hallazgos más consistentes en la literatura neuropsicológica del TDAH es un aumento en la
variabilidad del tiempo de reacción. Los tiempos de reacción elevados en personas con TDAH en comparación con las personas con un desarrollo normal se han documentado en varios estudios que utilizaron una amplia variedad de tareas computarizadas, incluidas aquellas que evaluaron la memoria de trabajo, la atención, el control inhibitorio y la discriminación de elección. La presente investigación, tuvo como objetivo describir el TE (Tiempo de Ejecución) empleado en tareas que requieren la medición del tiempo de sujetos afectados y no afectados de TDAH en familias nucleares de la Ciudad de
Barranquilla. Lo anterior, a partir de una metodología de análisis bivariado de tipo cuantitativo, usando como técnicas de recolección de información, instrumentos de evaluación de atención, memoria, función ejecutiva y praxias. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, se encontró que respecto a los tiempos de ejecución, se puede sugerir que no se evidencian diferencias significativas entre los grupos sometidos a análisis comparativo, excepto para el caso de Stroop denominación y Stroop conflicto donde los tiempos para los padres afectados son superiores al de los no afectados; lo que sugeriría un menor tiempo de ejecución en los papás no afectados con TDAH, lo anterior les permite gozar de una capacidad de evaluación en el proceso de lectura y mayor control de interferencia e inhibición de respuestas automáticas. Se concluye que un tiempo de reacción alto podría deberse a cambios en la velocidad de procesamiento de la información en su conjunto, incluidas, por ejemplo, las habilidades para recuperar información de la memoria a largo plazo, seleccionar información de destino y emitir la respuesta a la información. Para futuras investigaciones, se sugiere estudios con más pruebas neuropsicológicas donde la medición de tiempo sea relevante, y donde no sea determinante para la ejecución , es decir, que si bien este sea medido, no se coloque un tiempo límite para la finalización de la tarea planteada, sino que el sujeto pueda explorar sus opciones y dar las respuestas en el tiempo necesario para ello, desde su percepción temporal ligada a su velocidad de procesamiento; esto con el fin de poder reconocer las necesidades del sujeto puesto en marcha frente a una tarea específica, desde la percepción del estímulo, el procesamiento de la información, y el acto motor.
ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. The manifestations of ADHD are numerous and diverse. Some people with this diagnosis show more hyperactivity and impulsivity, while others have more symptoms of inattention. Now, the reaction time is the period between the activation of the stimulus and the subject's motor response. The reaction time rating measures a person's ability to process information. ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders, but no specific cognitive impairment is universal in ADHD patients. However, one of the most consistent findings in the ADHD neuropsychological literature is an increase in reaction time variability. Elevated reaction times in people with ADHD compared to typically developing people have been documented in several studies that used a wide variety of computerized tasks, including those that assessed working memory, attention, inhibitory control, and memory. choice discrimination. The objective of this investigation was to describe the TE (Execution Time) used in tasks that require the measurement of time of subjects affected and not affected by ADHD in nuclear families in the City of Barranquilla. The foregoing, based on a quantitative bivariate analysis methodology, using as information collection techniques, instruments for the evaluation of attention, memory, executive function and praxias. Within the results obtained, it was found that with respect to the execution times, it can be suggested that there are no significant differences between the groups subjected to comparative analysis, except for the case of Stroop denomination and Stroop conflict where the times for the affected parents are higher than those of the unaffected; which would suggest a lower execution time in parents not affected by ADHD, this allows them to enjoy an evaluation capacity in the reading process and greater control of interference and inhibition of automatic responses. It is concluded that a high reaction time could be due to changes in the speed of information processing as a whole, including, for example, the abilities to retrieve information from long-term memory, select target information and issue the response to information. For future research, studies with more neuropsychological tests are suggested where the measurement of time is relevant, and where it is not determinant for the execution , that is, that although this is measured, a time limit is not set for the completion of the task. posed, but rather that the subject can explore their options and give the answers in the time necessary for it, from their temporal perception linked to their processing speed; this in order to be able to recognize the needs of the subject set in motion in front of a specific task, from the perception of the stimulus, the information processing, and the motor act.
ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. The manifestations of ADHD are numerous and diverse. Some people with this diagnosis show more hyperactivity and impulsivity, while others have more symptoms of inattention. Now, the reaction time is the period between the activation of the stimulus and the subject's motor response. The reaction time rating measures a person's ability to process information. ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders, but no specific cognitive impairment is universal in ADHD patients. However, one of the most consistent findings in the ADHD neuropsychological literature is an increase in reaction time variability. Elevated reaction times in people with ADHD compared to typically developing people have been documented in several studies that used a wide variety of computerized tasks, including those that assessed working memory, attention, inhibitory control, and memory. choice discrimination. The objective of this investigation was to describe the TE (Execution Time) used in tasks that require the measurement of time of subjects affected and not affected by ADHD in nuclear families in the City of Barranquilla. The foregoing, based on a quantitative bivariate analysis methodology, using as information collection techniques, instruments for the evaluation of attention, memory, executive function and praxias. Within the results obtained, it was found that with respect to the execution times, it can be suggested that there are no significant differences between the groups subjected to comparative analysis, except for the case of Stroop denomination and Stroop conflict where the times for the affected parents are higher than those of the unaffected; which would suggest a lower execution time in parents not affected by ADHD, this allows them to enjoy an evaluation capacity in the reading process and greater control of interference and inhibition of automatic responses. It is concluded that a high reaction time could be due to changes in the speed of information processing as a whole, including, for example, the abilities to retrieve information from long-term memory, select target information and issue the response to information. For future research, studies with more neuropsychological tests are suggested where the measurement of time is relevant, and where it is not determinant for the execution , that is, that although this is measured, a time limit is not set for the completion of the task. posed, but rather that the subject can explore their options and give the answers in the time necessary for it, from their temporal perception linked to their processing speed; this in order to be able to recognize the needs of the subject set in motion in front of a specific task, from the perception of the stimulus, the information processing, and the motor act.
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Palabras clave
Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad TDAH, Tiempo de ejecución, Fenotipo, Procesamiento de información, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD, Execution time, Phenotype, Information processing