Sistema de control atencional en pacientes presintomáticos con enfermedad de Huntington
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Muñoz Castellar, Yulieth Vanessa
Chacón Arrieta, Tatiana Patricia
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
La atención como constructo teórico ha estado siempre inmersa en una
heterogeneidad de planteamientos y posturas encontradas. Ello ha generado
abundante controversia, que ha impedido unificar de forma específica su definición
y conceptualización. Incluso, en la actualidad existen dificultades para elegir una
sola forma de entender esta función cerebral. La enfermedad de Huntington la cual,
debido a su singularidad y el deterioro a nivel cerebral y cognitivo que genera en los
pacientes, ha sido bastante estudiada en diferentes partes del mundo. De acuerdo
a la revisión de los antecedentes, en esta patología los primeros signos de alarma
que se presentan están relacionados con la parte motora, la planificación a nivel
construccional y la impulsividad.
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer las características del
Sistema de Control Atencional en relación con la expansión de la repetición de la
tripleta CAG del gen IT15 en pacientes presintomáticos con la enfermedad de
Huntington, para cumplir con este objetivo se identificaron las características del
Sistema de Control Atencional en los pacientes presintomáticos y en segunda
instancia se comparó el estado del Sistema de Control atencional con la expansión
de repeticiones del triplete CAG.
Para ello se diseñó un estudio con corte transversal descriptivo-comparativo con
enfoque cuantitativo, con la participación de una muestra de 76 pacientes
presintomáticos con la enfermedad de Huntington oriundas de Juan de Acosta, un
municipio del Atlántico donde se reportan la mayor cantidad de casos de Huntington
del país, los cuales fueron divididos en dos grupos denominados grupo 0 (integrado
por 65 pacientes cuya expansión del triplete CAG estuvo entre 12 a 39 repeticiones).
Y grupo 1 (integrado por 11 pacientes cuya expansión del triplete CAG estuvo de
40 repeticiones en adelante). Los test seleccionados fueron Subtest de la Escala de
Inteligencia WAIS IV (Retención de Dígitos Vocabulario, Aritmética, Búsqueda de
Símbolos y Claves), el Test de copia y reproducción de la Figura compleja de Rey
y el Test de STROOP.
Attention as a theoretical construct has always been immersed in a heterogeneity of approaches and conflicting positions. This has generated abundant controversy, which has prevented a specific unification of its definition and conceptualization. Even today there are difficulties in choosing a single way of understanding this brain function. Huntington's disease which, due to its uniqueness and the brain and cognitive impairment it generates in patients, has been extensively studied in different parts of the world. According to the review of the antecedents, in this pathology the first warning signs that appear are related to the motor part, planning at a constructive level and impulsivity. The objective of this research was to establish the characteristics of the Attention Control System in relation to the expansion of the CAG triplet repeat of the IT15 gene in presymptomatic patients with Huntington's disease, to meet this objective the characteristics of the Control System were identified. Attentional Control in presymptomatic patients and secondly, the state of the Attentional Control System was compared with the expansion of CAG triplet repeats. For this, a descriptive-comparative cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was designed, with the participation of a sample of 76 pre-symptomatic patients with Huntington's disease from Juan de Acosta, a municipality in Atlántico where the largest number of cases of Huntington's disease in the country, which were divided into two groups called group 0 (made up of 65 patients whose CAG triplet expansion was between 12 to 39 repeats). And group 1 (made up of 11 patients whose CAG triplet expansion was 40 repetitions and up). The tests selected were the Subtest of the WAIS IV Intelligence Scale (Vocabulary Digit Span, Arithmetic, Search for Symbols and Keys), the Rey Complex Figure Copy and Reproduction Test, and the STROOP Test.
Attention as a theoretical construct has always been immersed in a heterogeneity of approaches and conflicting positions. This has generated abundant controversy, which has prevented a specific unification of its definition and conceptualization. Even today there are difficulties in choosing a single way of understanding this brain function. Huntington's disease which, due to its uniqueness and the brain and cognitive impairment it generates in patients, has been extensively studied in different parts of the world. According to the review of the antecedents, in this pathology the first warning signs that appear are related to the motor part, planning at a constructive level and impulsivity. The objective of this research was to establish the characteristics of the Attention Control System in relation to the expansion of the CAG triplet repeat of the IT15 gene in presymptomatic patients with Huntington's disease, to meet this objective the characteristics of the Control System were identified. Attentional Control in presymptomatic patients and secondly, the state of the Attentional Control System was compared with the expansion of CAG triplet repeats. For this, a descriptive-comparative cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was designed, with the participation of a sample of 76 pre-symptomatic patients with Huntington's disease from Juan de Acosta, a municipality in Atlántico where the largest number of cases of Huntington's disease in the country, which were divided into two groups called group 0 (made up of 65 patients whose CAG triplet expansion was between 12 to 39 repeats). And group 1 (made up of 11 patients whose CAG triplet expansion was 40 repetitions and up). The tests selected were the Subtest of the WAIS IV Intelligence Scale (Vocabulary Digit Span, Arithmetic, Search for Symbols and Keys), the Rey Complex Figure Copy and Reproduction Test, and the STROOP Test.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sistema de control atencinal, Huntington, Presintomáticos, Triplete, Expansión, Attentional control system, Visuo-constructional, Impulsividad, Viso-construccionales, Impulsivity, Triplet, Presymptomatic