Calidad microbiológica del agua en un cultivo de camarón ubicado en el embalse del Guajaro, departamento del Atlántico
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Fecha
2022-11-11
Autores
Arteta Echeverría, Junior Andrés
González Pérez, María Camila
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
Introducción: En los últimos años, el camarón se ha convertido en la especie acuícola más valiosa del mundo, con un aumento de la producción de menos de 75.000 toneladas en 1980 a más de 5,7 millones de toneladas en 2020. Uno de los problemas que se presenta en el crecimiento de la camaronicultura es la proliferación de enfermedades ocasionadas por microorganismos, esto se debe por el desequilibrio ambiental que sufre el agua. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio de investigación fue evaluar la calidad microbiológica del agua en un cultivo acuícola de camarón ubicado en el Embalse del Guajaro, departamento del Atlántico a través de microorganismos indicadores de contaminación como los coliformes totales y Escherichia coli, Materiales y métodos: Para tal efecto, se recolectó un total de nueve muestras de agua en diferentes puntos de muestreo los cuales corresponden a la entrada de la captación, estanque camaronero y descarga del agua. Para el procesamiento microbiológico se utilizó la técnica filtración por membrana, así mismo se elaboró una propuesta de monitoreo microbiológico en este sistema. Resultados: De las 9 muestras evaluadas se encontró que los recuentos de coliformes totales y E. coli fueron similares en la entrada de la captación (M1) y en el estanque camaronero (M2) mientras que en la descarga de agua (M3) se encontró bajos recuentos de ambos indicadores microbiológicos. Conclusiones: Se considera importante vigilar y monitorear periódicamente la calidad microbiológica del agua empleada en la producción de camarón que garanticen la inocuidad del recurso hasta el producto final y la salud de los consumidores, teniendo en cuenta que al
estar contaminado constituye una fuente potencial de contaminación microbiológica para la producción del cultivo de camarón y predispone al consumidor a contraer enfermedades de origen hídrico.
Introduction: In recent years, shrimp have become the most valuable aquaculture species in the world, with production increasing from less than 75,000 tonnes in 1980 to more than 5.7 million tonnes in 2020. One of the problems that arises in the growth of shrimp farming is the proliferation of diseases caused by microorganisms, this is due to the environmental imbalance suffered by the water. Objective: The objective of this research study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of water in a shrimp aquaculture culture, through contamination indicator microorganisms such as total coliforms and Escherichia coli located in the Guajaro Reservoir, department of Atlántico. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a total of nine water samples were collected at different sampling points, which correspond to the intake entrance, shrimp pond and water discharge. For microbiological processing, the membrane filtration technique was used; likewise, a proposal for microbiological monitoring was developed in this system. Results: Of the 9 samples evaluated, it was found that the counts of total coliforms and E. coli were similar in the inlet of the catchment (M1) and in the shrimp pond (M2), while in the discharge of water (M3) low counts were found. of both microbiological indicators. Conclusions: It is considered important to monitor and periodically monitor the microbiological quality of the water used in shrimp production to ensure the safety of the resource to the final product and the health of consumers, taking into account that being contaminated constitutes a potential source of contamination. microbiological for the production of shrimp farming and predisposes the consumer to contract diseases of water origin, producing an imbalance in health.
Introduction: In recent years, shrimp have become the most valuable aquaculture species in the world, with production increasing from less than 75,000 tonnes in 1980 to more than 5.7 million tonnes in 2020. One of the problems that arises in the growth of shrimp farming is the proliferation of diseases caused by microorganisms, this is due to the environmental imbalance suffered by the water. Objective: The objective of this research study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of water in a shrimp aquaculture culture, through contamination indicator microorganisms such as total coliforms and Escherichia coli located in the Guajaro Reservoir, department of Atlántico. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a total of nine water samples were collected at different sampling points, which correspond to the intake entrance, shrimp pond and water discharge. For microbiological processing, the membrane filtration technique was used; likewise, a proposal for microbiological monitoring was developed in this system. Results: Of the 9 samples evaluated, it was found that the counts of total coliforms and E. coli were similar in the inlet of the catchment (M1) and in the shrimp pond (M2), while in the discharge of water (M3) low counts were found. of both microbiological indicators. Conclusions: It is considered important to monitor and periodically monitor the microbiological quality of the water used in shrimp production to ensure the safety of the resource to the final product and the health of consumers, taking into account that being contaminated constitutes a potential source of contamination. microbiological for the production of shrimp farming and predisposes the consumer to contract diseases of water origin, producing an imbalance in health.
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Palabras clave
Acuicultura, Calidad microbiológica del agua, Contaminación ambiental, Coliformes totales, Cultivo de camarón, E. coli, Aquaculture, Microbiological water quality, Environmental contamination, Total coliforms, Shrimp farming, E. coli