Características Neuropsicológicas en estudiantes entre 6 Y 11 años, con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Echeverria Collante, Catherine
Romero Oñate, María Luisa
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
El trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad, es considerado un trastorno de tipo neurobiológico, el cual se caracteriza principalmente por un patrón persistente de desatención e hiperactividad que es más frecuentes y más grave que el observado habitualmente en sujetos de un nivel de desarrollo similar, niño con TDAH tendrían mayores dificultades para desenvolverse en el ámbito académico. Las evaluaciones neuropsicológicas en estos sujetos resultan de suma importancia por consiguiente un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento teniendo en cuenta las características propias de los sujetos, dado el impacto de estos factores en el pronóstico y evolución favorable de este trastorno.
Objetivos: evaluar funciones neuropsicológicas de niños de 6 a 11 años con diagnóstico de TDAH, y un grupo control.
Metodología: se realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica, específicamente de procesos cognitivos como atención, lenguaje y memoria en 146 estudiantes pertenecientes a colegios oficiales de la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia entre 6 y 11 años, 122 de los cuales se encuentran diagnosticados con TDAH, y 24 no presentan la afectación, el proceso de caracterización de la población, muestreo y diagnostico fue realizado previamente por Llanos, García, González Y Puentes (2019).
Resultados: se determina que no existen diferencias estadísticas marcadas entre los 2 grupos de estudio, salvo en pruebas que miden la atención sostenida, control de impulsos e inhibitorios, siendo estos últimos esperables en sujetos diagnosticados con TDAH.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is considered a neurobiological disorder, which is mainly characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity that is more frequent and more severe than that usually observed in subjects of a similar developmental level. child with ADHD would have greater difficulties to function in the academic field. Neuropsychological evaluations in these subjects are therefore of the utmost importance, therefore, an early diagnosis and treatment taking into account the characteristics of the subjects, given the impact of these factors on the prognosis and favorable evolution of this disorder. Objectives: an evaluation of the neuropsychological functions of children aged 6 to 11 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD, and a control group. Methodology: a neuropsychological evaluation was carried out, specifically of cognitive processes such as attention, language and memory in 146 students belonging to official schools in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia between 6 and 11 years old, 122 of whom are diagnosed with ADHD, and 24 they do not present the affectation, the process of characterizing the population, sampling and diagnosis was previously carried out by Llanos, García, González and Puentes (2019). Results: it is determined that there are no marked statistical differences between the 2 study groups, except in tests that measure sustained attention, impulse and inhibitory control, the latter being expected in subjects diagnosed with ADHD.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is considered a neurobiological disorder, which is mainly characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity that is more frequent and more severe than that usually observed in subjects of a similar developmental level. child with ADHD would have greater difficulties to function in the academic field. Neuropsychological evaluations in these subjects are therefore of the utmost importance, therefore, an early diagnosis and treatment taking into account the characteristics of the subjects, given the impact of these factors on the prognosis and favorable evolution of this disorder. Objectives: an evaluation of the neuropsychological functions of children aged 6 to 11 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD, and a control group. Methodology: a neuropsychological evaluation was carried out, specifically of cognitive processes such as attention, language and memory in 146 students belonging to official schools in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia between 6 and 11 years old, 122 of whom are diagnosed with ADHD, and 24 they do not present the affectation, the process of characterizing the population, sampling and diagnosis was previously carried out by Llanos, García, González and Puentes (2019). Results: it is determined that there are no marked statistical differences between the 2 study groups, except in tests that measure sustained attention, impulse and inhibitory control, the latter being expected in subjects diagnosed with ADHD.
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Palabras clave
Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, Características Neuropsicológicas, Evaluación Neuropsicológica, Funciones ejecutivas, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Neuropsychological Characteristics, Neuropsychological evaluation, Executive functions
