Libertad por vencimiento de términos judiciales en Colombia
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Rodríguez Rodelo, Omer Rafael
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Es preciso señalar que constitucionalmente en Colombia, cuando se refiere a los derechos fundamentales de las personas procesadas y privadas de la libertad, específicamente se hace mención a la libertad, al debido proceso, al acceso a la administración de justicia, el cual no pueden ser señalados de forma diversa, caso contrario, se deben aplicar de acuerdo a cada caso especial, queriendo decir con esto que no se trata de diferenciar si la persona se le están vulnerado o no sus derechos ya sea de forma directa o indirecta, sino más bien establecer si esa limitación a sus derechos adoptadas por el poder penal del Estado, es la correcta, o por el contrario es contraria a derecho y excesiva, pues visiblemente una de las funciones de los jueces es la de limitar derechos tales como el de la libertad, pero el dilema está en determinar si es necesario continuar con dicha restricción de derechos, pese a que en ciertos casos como son los procesados por delitos sexuales en los cuales la víctima es menor de edad, es necesario, útil y pertinente continuar con medidas privativas de la libertad, o si conforme al caso en concreto resulta acertado tutelar los derechos fundamentales al debido proceso, esto es, el ser juzgado dentro de un plazo razonable o a ser puesto en libertad.
El documento plantea las diversas formas en que un Juez de Garantías, o un Juez de Conocimiento afrontan al momento en que un procesado solicita la libertad por vencimiento, puede ser de manera personal que se denomina defensa material, o a través de su apoderado que seria la
defensa técnica, teniendo en cuenta que discurren que tienen derecho a dicha garantía constitucional, como quiera que no se trata de un beneficio, sino por el contrario se trata de un derecho el cual no es susceptible de prohibiciones ni mucho menos exclusiones de Ley. Por lo mencionado el juez posee la posibilidad de acceder a dicha petición concediendo la libertad al procesado manifestando que se apoya en un derecho constitucional que tienen todas las personas, el cual tiene derecho a gozar cualquier persona que se vea inserta en un proceso penal.
It is necessary to point out that constitutionally in Colombia, when it refers to the fundamental rights of persons prosecuted and deprived of liberty, mention is specifically made of liberty, due process, access to the administration of justice, which cannot be indicated in a different way, otherwise, they must be applied according to each special case, meaning with this that it is not about differentiating whether or not the person's rights are being violated, either directly or indirectly, but rather establish if that limitation to their rights adopted by the penal power of the State, is the correct one, or on the contrary it is contrary to law and excessive, since visibly one of the functions of the judges is to limit rights such as freedom , but the dilemma lies in determining whether it is necessary to continue with said restriction of rights, despite the fact that in certain cases, such as those prosecuted for sexual crimes in which the victim is a minor, it is necessary, useful and pertinent to continue with measures of deprivation of liberty, or if, in accordance with the specific case, it is appropriate to protect the fundamental rights to due process, that is, to be tried within a reasonable period of time or to be put on freedom. The document outlines the different ways in which a Judge of Guarantees, or a Judge of Knowledge face the moment in which a defendant requests release due to expiration, it can be in a personal way that is called material defense, or through his attorney that would be the technical defense, taking into account that they reason that they have the right to said constitutional guarantee, since it is not a benefit, but on the contrary it is a right which is not subject to prohibitions, much less exclusions of the Law. As mentioned, the judge has the possibility of accessing said request, granting freedom to the accused, stating that it is based on a constitutional right that all people have, which any person who is involved in a criminal proceeding has the right to enjoy.
It is necessary to point out that constitutionally in Colombia, when it refers to the fundamental rights of persons prosecuted and deprived of liberty, mention is specifically made of liberty, due process, access to the administration of justice, which cannot be indicated in a different way, otherwise, they must be applied according to each special case, meaning with this that it is not about differentiating whether or not the person's rights are being violated, either directly or indirectly, but rather establish if that limitation to their rights adopted by the penal power of the State, is the correct one, or on the contrary it is contrary to law and excessive, since visibly one of the functions of the judges is to limit rights such as freedom , but the dilemma lies in determining whether it is necessary to continue with said restriction of rights, despite the fact that in certain cases, such as those prosecuted for sexual crimes in which the victim is a minor, it is necessary, useful and pertinent to continue with measures of deprivation of liberty, or if, in accordance with the specific case, it is appropriate to protect the fundamental rights to due process, that is, to be tried within a reasonable period of time or to be put on freedom. The document outlines the different ways in which a Judge of Guarantees, or a Judge of Knowledge face the moment in which a defendant requests release due to expiration, it can be in a personal way that is called material defense, or through his attorney that would be the technical defense, taking into account that they reason that they have the right to said constitutional guarantee, since it is not a benefit, but on the contrary it is a right which is not subject to prohibitions, much less exclusions of the Law. As mentioned, the judge has the possibility of accessing said request, granting freedom to the accused, stating that it is based on a constitutional right that all people have, which any person who is involved in a criminal proceeding has the right to enjoy.
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Palabras clave
Derechos, Indiciado, Juez, Libertad, Proceso penal, Medidas privativas de libertad, Vencimiento de términos, Rights, Accused, Judge, Freedom, Custodial measures, Criminal proceedings, Expiration of terms