La garantía de pensión mínima en el régimen de prima media con prestación definida
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Tarazona Osorio, Belén Yurany
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La Garantía de Pensión Mínima (GPM) es una prerrogativa diseñada por el legislador de 1993, que permite a los usuarios de los regímenes pensionales colombiano, especialmente, para los usuarios del Régimen de Ahorro Individual con Solidaridad (RAIS), la posibilidad de acceder a una pensión de vejez, cuando el capital ahorrado sea insuficiente.
La GPM en el Régimen de Prima Media con Prestación Definida (RPM) no tiene la misma interpretación, motivo por el cual, se hizo necesario analizar las disposiciones normativas y doctrinales para identificar, si, existe igualdad de derechos entre los afiliados del Régimen de Prima Media con Prestación Definida- RPM y el Régimen de Ahorro Individual y Solidaridad- RAIS, cuando se trate, de acceder a la garantía de pensión mínima en casos de indefensión y debilidad manifiesta.
De tal forma, que, se implementó una metodología basada en el paradigma de investigación hermenéutico, partiendo de una revisión exhaustiva de textos, artículos y disposiciones normativas relacionadas con la garantía de pensión mínima; lo anterior, para sustentar el proceso de discusión ejecutado en donde se reconoce la importancia de garantizar una real protección del Estado frente a los afiliados del Régimen de Prima Media con Prestación Definida que se encuentren en estado de indefensión o debilidad manifiesta, que no le permita cumplir con la totalidad de los requisitos establecidos por la Ley.
Así las cosas, el presente artículo presenta una crítica académica sobre las falencias del sistema pensional público y se sugiere una alternativa para los afiliados del RPM, en donde: (i) se adopta una concepción diferente de la GPM para los usuarios del RPM, tal y como ocurre en los afiliado del RAIS, (ii) se flexibilice la carga de cotización de los afiliado del RPM, cuando se acredite un estado de indefensión y debilidad manifiesta, (iii) el Estado proteja en mayor medida a los afiliados del RPM, y en consecuencia, asuma (si quiera) 50 y/o 100 semanas de cotización, cuando se acredite la imposibilidad de realizar aportes por su estado de indefensión, secundario a enfermedad.
The Minimum Pension Guarantee (GPM) is a prerogative designed by the legislator in 1993, which allows users of the Colombian pension systems, especially for users of the Individual Savings with Solidarity System (RAIS), the possibility of accessing an old age pension when the capital saved is insufficient. The GPM in the Average Premium with Defined Benefit Regime (RPM) does not have the same interpretation, which is why it was necessary to analyze the normative and doctrinal provisions to identify whether there is equality of rights between the members of the Average Premium with Defined Benefit Regime - RPM and the Individual Savings and Solidarity Regime - RAIS, when it comes to accessing the minimum pension guarantee in cases of defenselessness and manifest weakness. Thus, a methodology based on the hermeneutic research paradigm was implemented, starting from an exhaustive review of texts, articles and normative provisions related to the minimum pension guarantee; the above, to support the discussion process carried out in which the importance of guaranteeing a real protection of the State to the members of the Average Premium with Defined Benefit Regime who are in a state of defenselessness or manifest weakness, which does not allow them to comply with all the requirements established by the Law, is recognized. Thus, this article presents an academic critique of the shortcomings of the public pension system and suggests an alternative for members of the RPM, in which: (i) a different conception of the GPM is adopted for RPM users, as occurs with RAIS affiliates, (ii) the contribution burden of RPM affiliates is made more flexible, when a state of defenselessness and manifest weakness is accredited, (iii) the State protects RPM affiliates to a greater extent, and consequently, assumes (if at all) 50 and/or 100 weeks of contributions, when the impossibility of making contributions is accredited due to their state of defenselessness, secondary to illness.
The Minimum Pension Guarantee (GPM) is a prerogative designed by the legislator in 1993, which allows users of the Colombian pension systems, especially for users of the Individual Savings with Solidarity System (RAIS), the possibility of accessing an old age pension when the capital saved is insufficient. The GPM in the Average Premium with Defined Benefit Regime (RPM) does not have the same interpretation, which is why it was necessary to analyze the normative and doctrinal provisions to identify whether there is equality of rights between the members of the Average Premium with Defined Benefit Regime - RPM and the Individual Savings and Solidarity Regime - RAIS, when it comes to accessing the minimum pension guarantee in cases of defenselessness and manifest weakness. Thus, a methodology based on the hermeneutic research paradigm was implemented, starting from an exhaustive review of texts, articles and normative provisions related to the minimum pension guarantee; the above, to support the discussion process carried out in which the importance of guaranteeing a real protection of the State to the members of the Average Premium with Defined Benefit Regime who are in a state of defenselessness or manifest weakness, which does not allow them to comply with all the requirements established by the Law, is recognized. Thus, this article presents an academic critique of the shortcomings of the public pension system and suggests an alternative for members of the RPM, in which: (i) a different conception of the GPM is adopted for RPM users, as occurs with RAIS affiliates, (ii) the contribution burden of RPM affiliates is made more flexible, when a state of defenselessness and manifest weakness is accredited, (iii) the State protects RPM affiliates to a greater extent, and consequently, assumes (if at all) 50 and/or 100 weeks of contributions, when the impossibility of making contributions is accredited due to their state of defenselessness, secondary to illness.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Garantía de Pensión Mínima, Sistema de Seguridad Social, Régimen de Prima Media con Prestación Definida, Régimen de Ahorro Individual con Solidaridad, Minimum Pension Guarantee, Social Security System, Average Premium Scheme with Defined Benefit, Individual Savings Regime with Solidarity