Relación entre síntomas osteomusculares y calidad de vida en trabajadores de algunas empresas de manufacturas en la ciudad de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Castro Rodríguez, Diana María
Garizábalo Ramos, Rocío del Carmen
Sánchez Freyle, Leiver Manuel
Vega Cuello, Yomaris
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), los trastornos musculoesqueléticos agrupan 150 problemas distintos que se manifiestan sobre el sistema de locomoción humano. Son inductores de dolor y limitación de movimiento y agilidad que incide en la disminución, no solo de la capacidad laboral de los individuos, sino de su calidad de vida. Según la fuente citada, los trastornos musculoesqueléticos suelen manifestarse con mayor asiduidad en dolor lumbar, fracturas, artrosis, otros traumatismos, dolor de cuello, amputaciones y artritis reumatoide. Datos de la OMS indican que casi 1710 millones de personas alrededor del planeta se enfrentan a problemas de estas características, en una relación directamente proporcional con la edad. Un estudio de Castro et al, del año 2018 indica que el ausentismo y la invalidez relacionados con desórdenes musculoesqueléticos cuestan alrededor de 215 mil millones de dólares al año solo en los Estados Unidos. En Europa, las cifras relacionadas representan entre el 1,3 y el 1,9 del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de los países que pertenecen a la Unión. Para el subcontinente latino en América, los trastornos musculoesqueléticos tienen una gran participación en el costo del PIB conjunto asociado a los accidentes y enfermedades laborales, calculado en entre el 9 y el 12%. Estos fenómenos impactan negativamente sobre la salud integral de las personas y, por lo tanto, representan un problema de salud pública con tendencia al aumento. Algunas proyecciones sugieren que, por ejemplo, los casos de dolor lumbar aumentarán paulatinamente, siendo su preponderancia más alta en los países en los que, como Colombia, la población sortea su realidad con ingresos bajos y medios. Estas previsiones demuestran que los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos, a pesar de ser un problema persistente a nivel mundial, se encuentran determinados principalmente por los contextos en los que se desenvuelven los individuos. La escasa tecnificación que obliga al uso generalizado de la fuerza bruta para la realización de determinadas labores, así como la ergonomía deficiente, son algunos de los principales inductores de riesgo musculoesquelético que pueden derivar en lesiones transitorias o trastornos
persistentes. Se estima que entre el 50% y el 70% de los empleados en naciones con bajo nivel de desarrollo se encuentra peligrosamente expuesto a este tipo de situaciones.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), musculoskeletal disorders group 150 different problems that manifest themselves on the human locomotion system. They are inducers of pain and limitation of movement and agility that affects the decrease, not only in the working capacity of individuals, but also in their quality of life. According to the cited source, musculoskeletal disorders tend to manifest themselves more frequently in low back pain, fractures, osteoarthritis, other trauma, neck pain, amputations and rheumatoid arthritis. WHO data indicates that almost 1.71 billion people around the planet face problems of these characteristics, in a directly proportional relationship with age. A study by Castro et al, from 2018, indicates that absenteeism and disability related to musculoskeletal disorders cost around 215 billion dollars a year in the United States alone. In Europe, the related figures represent between 1.3 and 1.9 of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the countries that belong to the Union. For the Latin subcontinent in America, musculoskeletal disorders have a large share of the cost of the joint GDP associated with occupational accidents and illnesses, calculated at between 9 and 12%. These phenomena have a negative impact on the comprehensive health of people and, therefore, represent a public health problem with a tendency to increase. Some projections suggest that, for example, cases of low back pain will gradually increase, with their prevalence being higher in countries where, like Colombia, the population overcomes its reality with low and medium incomes. These predictions show that musculoskeletal disorders, despite being a persistent problem worldwide, are mainly determined by the contexts in which individuals develop. The lack of technology that forces the widespread use of brute force to carry out certain tasks, as well as poor ergonomics, are some of the main inducers of musculoskeletal risk that can lead to temporary injuries or persistent disorders. It is estimated that between 50% and 70% of employees in nations with a low level of development are dangerously exposed to this type of situation.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), musculoskeletal disorders group 150 different problems that manifest themselves on the human locomotion system. They are inducers of pain and limitation of movement and agility that affects the decrease, not only in the working capacity of individuals, but also in their quality of life. According to the cited source, musculoskeletal disorders tend to manifest themselves more frequently in low back pain, fractures, osteoarthritis, other trauma, neck pain, amputations and rheumatoid arthritis. WHO data indicates that almost 1.71 billion people around the planet face problems of these characteristics, in a directly proportional relationship with age. A study by Castro et al, from 2018, indicates that absenteeism and disability related to musculoskeletal disorders cost around 215 billion dollars a year in the United States alone. In Europe, the related figures represent between 1.3 and 1.9 of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the countries that belong to the Union. For the Latin subcontinent in America, musculoskeletal disorders have a large share of the cost of the joint GDP associated with occupational accidents and illnesses, calculated at between 9 and 12%. These phenomena have a negative impact on the comprehensive health of people and, therefore, represent a public health problem with a tendency to increase. Some projections suggest that, for example, cases of low back pain will gradually increase, with their prevalence being higher in countries where, like Colombia, the population overcomes its reality with low and medium incomes. These predictions show that musculoskeletal disorders, despite being a persistent problem worldwide, are mainly determined by the contexts in which individuals develop. The lack of technology that forces the widespread use of brute force to carry out certain tasks, as well as poor ergonomics, are some of the main inducers of musculoskeletal risk that can lead to temporary injuries or persistent disorders. It is estimated that between 50% and 70% of employees in nations with a low level of development are dangerously exposed to this type of situation.
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Palabras clave
Sistema musculoesquelético, Calidad de vida, Ergonomía, Musculoskeletal system, Quality of life, Ergonomics