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Ítem Biochemical and clinical characterization of metabolic phenotypes: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo city, Venezuela [version 1; referees: awaiting peer review](is published by F1000 Research Ltd, 2018-02) Bermudez, Valmore; Rojas, Joselyn; Salazar, Juan; Martinez, Maria Sofia; Olivar, Luis; Calvo, Maria Jose; Mindiola, Andres; Añez, Roberto; Wilches-Duran, Sandra; Cerda, Marcos; Graterol, Modesto; Graterol, Rosemily; Hernandez, Juan Diego; Garicano, Carlos; Velasco, ManuelBackground: In 1980, Reuben Andresen observed that in certain individuals, obesity did not increase mortality, introducing an atypical phenotype called “healthy obese”. Other studies reported that 10-15 % of lean individuals presented insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical and clinical characteristics of metabolic phenotypes in Maracaibo city. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a randomized multistage sampling was performed including 1226 non diabetic individuals from both sexes. For phenotype definition, the subjects were first classified according to their BMI into Normal-Weight, Overweight and Obese; then divided in metabolically healthy and unhealthy using a two-step analysis cluster. To evaluate the relationship with coronary risk, a multiple logistic regression model was performed. Results: In the studied population, 5.2% (n=64) corresponded to unhealthy lean subjects, and 17.4% (n=217) to healthy obese subjects. Metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUNW) phenotype was found in males in 53.3% in contrast to 51.3% of metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) phenotype found in females. An association between metabolically unhealthy phenotypes and a higher risk of a coronary event was found, especially for obese individuals (MHO: OR=1.85 CI95%: 1.11-3.09; p=0.02 and MUO: OR=2.09 CI95%: 1.34-3.28; p<0.01). Conclusion: Individuals with atypical metabolic phenotypes exist in Maracaibo city. Related factors may include insulin resistance, basal glucose levels, and triglycerides levels. Lastly, cardiovascular risk exhibited by healthy obese individuals should be classified in categories of major coronary risk related to lean subjects.Ítem Gestión de políticas públicas educativas: Una caracterización en Norte de Santander (Colombia)(Asociacion de Profesionales y Tecnicos del CONICIT., 2018-02) Aguilar Barreto, Andrea Johana; Rodríguez Manasse, German Alberto; Aguilar, Clara PaolaEn el presente documento se analizan las políticas públicas educativas en el departamento Norte de Santander (Colombia). Para lo anterior, se ha hecho una revisión de los planes de desarrollo del departamento en los periodos 2008, 2012 y 2016, además de otros documentos públicos en materia educativa. Se identificaron cinco políticas territoriales en materia educativa: formación docente, atención a la primera infancia, cobertura y equidad, calidad y pertinencia, y eficiencia. Los hallazgos evidencian que sobre estas políticas públicas se han obtenido algunos avances, pero aún no satisfactorios en especial con el tema de calidad y formación docente. Así mismo, se reflejan cambios en los planes, las estrategias y las acciones de un periodo de gobierno a otro, aunque la naturaleza de los indicadores sobre los cuales parten son los mismos. Aún se requiere de diagnósticos completos y profundos en el ámbito educativo para una adecuada planificación del desarrollo.Ítem Toma de decisiones y sus repercusiones sobre costos transaccionales en las empresas(Asociacion de Profesionales y Tecnicos del CONICIT, 2018-02) Landazury-Villalba, Luis Fernando; Basso-Donatti, Marcelo; Neugovsen, Gerardo; Mercant, Santiago; Jaafar-Orfale, Hussein; Ruz-Gómez, AlexanderEl presente estudio presenta una estructura de revisión sobre el estado del arte en toma de decisiones y los costos de transacción que trata sobre la importancia de la información en el proceso, el decisor y el proceso administrativo que se desarrolla para tomar la decisión. El objetivo es exponer las ventajas de una integración entre empresas para reducir el poder de negociación de actores en el mercado, mientras configura el proceso de producción de manera que se aumenta la productividad en la empresa, además de proponer un modelo teórico que ayude a identificar elementos y factores en torno al encargado de tomar decisiones en la empresa.Ítem A Signal Processing Method for Respiratory Rate Estimation through Photoplethysmography(Sciencie &Engineering Research Support Society (SERSC), 2018-02) Moreno, Silvia; Quintero-Parra, Andres; Ochoa-Pertuz, Carlos; Villarreal, Reynaldo; Kuzmar, IsaacMonitoring of respiration is crucial for determining a patient´s health status, specially previously and after an operation. However, many conventional methods are difficult to use in a spontaneously ventilating patient. This paper presents a method for estimating respiratory rate from the signal of a photoplethysmograph. This is a non-invasive sensor that can be used to obtain an estimation of beats per minute of a given patient by measuring light reflection on the patient’s blood vessel and counting changes in blood flow. The PPG signal also offers information about respiration, so respiratory rate can be obtained through signal processing. The proposed method based on digital filtering was implemented in a wearable device and tested on 30 volunteers, and the results were compared with the ones measured by traditional ways. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference between the data measured by the device and the traditional method.Ítem Percepción del Clima organizacional: Un análisis desde los Macroprocesos de una ESE(Asociacion de Profesionales y Tecnicos del CONICIT., 2018-02) Rivera Porras, Diego Andrés; Rincón Vera, Jesús Emilio; Flórez Gamboa, Sonia RocíoLas Hospitales en Colombia, se agrupan en la actualidad como Empresas Sociales de Estado (E.S.E.), constituyéndose en una categoría especial de entidades públicas, estas organizaciones pueden gestionarse desde sus objetivos, y relacionan se relaciona con el ambiente interno y externo. Por tanto, se hace necesario estudiar el estado motivacional de las personas, ya que este produce el clima organizacional. Este estudio se desarrolló desde un paradigma positivista con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo. Se encontró que las dimensiones de Presión y Reconocimiento, son percibidas de forma regular, y que la percepción del Reconocimiento varía según el Macroproceso.Ítem Aplicación del arte a la investigación científica: fundamentos de un método original para su utilización(Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría, 2018-02) Musso, Carlos G.; Dricas, Débora; González-Torres, HenryEl arte en virtud de su poder simbólico puede funcionar como instrumento cognitivo y contribuir, incluso, al proceso de investigación científica, sobre todo, en sus etapas de generación de hipótesis y discusión de datos, debido a su capacidad inductora del pensamiento intuitivo y creativo. En el presente artículo, se propone un método para llevar a la práctica esta concepción, basado en la exposición de los científicos a actividades artísticas colectivas en ambientes protegidos, metodología diseñada a partir de experiencias relatadas por destacados artistas y científicos.Ítem Lamin A expression in circulating osteoprogenitors as a potential biomarker for frailty: The Nepean Osteoporosis and Frailty (NOF) Study(Elsevier, 2018-02) Al Saedi, Ahmed; Gunawardene, Piumali; Bermeo, Sandra; Vogrin, Sara; Boersma, Derek; Phu, Steven; Singh, Lakshman; Suriyaarachchi, Pushpa; Duque, GustavoLamin A is a protein of the nuclear lamina. Low levels of lamin A expression are associated with osteosarcopenia in mice. In this study, we hypothesized that low lamin A expression is also associated with frailty in humans. We aimed to develop a non-invasive method to quantify lamin A expression in epithelial and circulating osteoprogenitor (COP) cells, and to determine the relationship between lamin A expression and frailty in older individuals. COP cells and buccal swabs were obtained from 66 subjects (median age 74; 60% female; 26 non-frail, 23 pre-frail, and 17 frail) participating at the Nepean Osteoporosis and Frailty (NOF) Study. We quantified physical performance and disability, and stratified frailty in this population. Lamin A expression in epithelial and COP cells was quantified by flow cytometry. Linear regression models estimated the relationship between lamin A expression in buccal and COP cells, and prevalent disability and frailty. Lamin A expression in buccal cells showed no association with either disability or frailty. Low lamin A expression values in COP cells were associated with frailty. Frail individuals showed 60% lower levels of lamin A compared to non-frail (95% CI − 36 to − 74%, p < 0.001) and 62% lower levels compared to pre-frail (95%CI − 40 to − 76%, p < 0.001). In summary, we have identified lamin A expression in COP cells as a strong indicator of frailty. Further work is needed to understand lamin A expression as a risk stratifier, biomarker, or therapeutic target in frail older persons.Ítem Neuropsychological Performance in Patients with Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infection(Taylor & Francis Group, 2018-02-07) Martínez-Banfi, Martha; Vélez, Jorge I.; Perea, M. Victoria; García, Ricardo; Puentes-Rozo, Pedro J.; Mebarak Chams, Moises; Ladera, ValentinaHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) lead to neurocognitive disorders; however, there is still much knowledge to be gained regarding HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive performance, instrumental activities of daily living, depression, and anxiety in patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infections compared with seronegative participants without neurocognitive impairment. We studied a sample consisted of 60 patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infections and 60 seronegative participants without neurocognitive impairment from the city of Barranquilla, Colombia, with a mean age of 36.07 years. A protocol of neuropsychological and psychopathological tests was applied to the participants. The group of patients with asymptomatic HIV infections significantly underperformed on tasks that assessed global cognitive screening, attention span, learning, phonemic verbal fluency, auditory-verbal comprehension, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, and motor skills compared to the group of seronegative participants. No significant differences were found in memory, visual confrontation naming, vocabulary, inhibition, and instrumental activities of daily living. Additionally, the patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection had a higher anxiety index than the seronegative participants, but no significant difference was found in depression. A correlation was found between depression and anxiety. In conclusion, the patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection had lower cognitive performances than the seronegative participants in the cognitive functions mentioned above and more anxiety but still performed the instrumental activities of daily living.