Repositorio :: Examinando por Autor "Vera, M"

Examinando por Autor "Vera, M"

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Assessment of left ventricle dynamic from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging by means a correspondence approach
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Bravo, A; Vera, M; Valbuena, O
In this research, an approach to assess the heart dynamics is reported. The cardiac magnetic resonance images are considered for assessing the left ventricle motion and deformation. The shape of the cavity is obtained by means a segmentation procedure based on a clustering algorithm at an initial instant. This three-dimensional structure is used to establish a region of interest around the border of the structure. An optical flow method allows determining the displacement vector of this region and then defining the shapes of the cavity during the all cardiac cycle. The points of the left ventricle are followed using the displacement vectors in the cardiac cycle, obtaining thus, a dense motion field of the cavity. This approximate deformation field is refined with a correspondence method that working in the three-dimensional space. The mapping of the points that define the left ventricle in the cardiac cycle obtained with the correspondence procedure are then used for computing a set of clinical parameters that allows assessing the motion and deformation of this principal structure of the human heart. The torsion, radial and longitudinal contraction are quantified. The obtained results are promising for evaluating the heart dynamics.
Brain hematoma computational segmentation
(IOP Publishing, 2018) Sáenz, F; Vera, M; Huerfano, Y; Molina, V; Martinez, L; Vera, M I; Salazar, W; Gelvez, E; Salazar, J; Valbuena, O; Robles, H; Bautista, M; Arango, J
In computed tomography imaging, brain hematoma (BH) segmentation is a very challenging process due to a high variability of BH morphology, low contrast and noisy images. Because of this, BH segmentation is an open problem. In order to approach this problem, we propose an automatic technique, named nonlinear technique (NLT), based on a thresholding method, noise suppression filters, intelligent operators, a clustering strategy and a binary morphological operator. NLT performance is assessed by Jaccard's similarity index (JSI) used to compare automatic and manual BH segmentations. This assessment allows developing a tuning process for establishing the optimal parameters of each of the algorithms which constitute the proposed technique. The results indicate a good correlation, based on JSI, between the manual segmentations and the automatic ones. Finally, the BH volume is generated considering the automatic segmentation. This volume indicates whether or not the patient must undergo a surgical intervention for BH treatment.
Development of random thinking: Reflections and considerations
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Salazar-Torres, J; Vera, M; Rincón, O; Omaña, L; Lizcano, L; Huérfano, Y; Vargas, D
This article discloses some considerations and reflections in the teaching of random thinking and data systems based on a documentary review. A documentary sample was used consisting of 40 documentary sources (articles, postgraduate dissertations and books), published in indexed journals, about random thinking. The research was based on a qualitative content analysis method which used the coding and categories saturation process. The results let us establish conceptual relationships considering three dimensions linked to the random thinking teaching, they are: epistemological corpus, theoretical corpus and the social function. The results allow to base new proposals of curricular, didactic and evaluative type for the teaching of this thinking, at the same time, it allows to carry out processes of self-assessment of the teaching practice and of the need that currently exists before the research in the classroom and the contextualization of mathematical knowledge.
Interest rates calculation in certain ordinary annuities
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Flórez, M; Vera, M; Salazar-Torres, J; Huérfano, Y; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Valbuena, O; Vera, M I; Aranguen, M
Certain annuities are annuities whose payments occur on fixed dates; while a certain ordinary annuity is one in which payments are made at the end of each established period. The calculation of the interest rate, which governs the certain ordinary annuity, involves the use of a non-analytical equation that requires the application of numerical techniques to obtain the value of the aforementioned rate. The literature indicates that any of these techniques requires one or several numerical values for initialization, which generally are estimated using trial techniques, graphical methods or values present in pre-established tables. Through this article, a new robust methodology is proposed that calculates the useful numerical values to initialize the linear interpolation technique, which is used to calculate the interest rate linked to the certain ordinary annuity. The proposed methodology generates initialization values, one by default and the other by excess, which allow us to limit the value of the certain ordinary annuity interest rate considered. Finally, we generated a new strategy that constitutes a novel mathematical model for interest rates calculation in the context of certain ordinary annuity. The percentage relative error obtained indicates the excellent performance of the aforementioned mathematical model.
Large cells cancer volumetry in chest computed tomography pulmonary images
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Huérfano, Y; Vera, M; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Vera, M I; Valbuena, O; Salazar-Torres, J
Lung cancer is the leading oncological cause of death in the world. As for carcinomas, they represent between 90% and 95% of lung cancers; among them, non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type and the large cell carcinoma, the pathology on which this research focuses, is usually detected with the computed tomography images of the thorax. These images have three big problems: noise, artifacts and low contrast. The volume of the large cell carcinoma is obtained from the segmentations of the cancerous tumor generated, in a semi-automatic way, by a computational strategy based on a combination of algorithms that, in order to address the aforementioned problems, considers median and gradient magnitude filters and an unsupervised grouping technique for generating the large cell carcinoma morphology. The results of high correlation between the semi-automatic segmentations and the manual ones, drawn up by a pulmonologist, allow us to infer the excellent performance of the proposed technique. This technique can be useful in the detection and monitoring of large cell carcinoma and if it is considering this kind of computational strategy, medical specialists can establish the clinic or surgical actions oriented to address this pulmonary pathology.
Left atrial appendage automatic segmentation, in computed tomography images
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Huérfano, Y; Vera, M; Vera, M I; Valbuena, O; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Salazar-Torres, J; Molina, V
The left atrial appendage is one of the anatomical places where most frequently blood thrombi occur. When migrating from the appendage, these thrombi, become blood emboli that, potentially, can compromise the physiology and/or anatomy of cardiac or cerebral blood vessels, being able to generate cerebrovascular events. The left atrial appendage segmentation is very difficult due, mainly, to its location and the identical densitometric information presents into of this appendage and around of the left atrium. In this paper, an automatic technique is proposed to segment this appendage with the purpose of generating important information to the procedure called left atrial appendage surgical closure. This information is linked to the volume and the diameters of the left atrial appendage. The technique consists of a digital pre-processing stage, based on filtering processes and definition of a region of interest and, of one segmentation stage that considers a clustering method. The results are promising and they allow us to calculate useful quantitative variables when characterizing the most lethal appendix of the human body represented by the mentioned appendage. These results are very important in clinical processes where both the shape and volume of this appendage are vital for detecting and monitoring some vascular diseases such as cardiac embolism, arterial hypertension and stroke, among others.
Mathematical argumentation in the classroom
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Salazar-Torres, J; Vera, M; Contreras, Y; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Valbuena, O; Barrera, D; Rincón, O
The article shares some elements of comprehensive type about "mathematical argumentation in the classroom"; whose analysis, was made from two fundamental categories in the development of an oral mathematical argumentation process for the conviction, contradiction and validation of a written mathematical argumentation process. The research addressed two central categories of argumentation as a discursive form, the first one is the epistemic position, and the second one is the discursive position that students unveil at the time of mathematically arguing the solution to a problem situation. The research was developed under the interpretative paradigm through the design of a case study directed by the theory and technique of a focal group, for the collection of information. In the findings, difficulties in the passage were evidenced from the semantic to the theoretical from the epistemic position; regarding the discursive position, the presence of three discursive forms was revealed: description, explanation and argumentation, the latter being the least used by the students.
New anisotropic diffusion operator in images filtering
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Vera, M; Gonzalez, E; Huérfano, Y; Gelvez, E; Valbuena, O
The anisotropic di usion lters have become in the fundamental bases to address the medical images noise problem. The main attributes of these lters are: the noise removal e ectiveness and the preservation of the information belonging to the edges that delimit the objects of an image. Due to these excellent attributes, through this article, a comparative study is proposed between a new di usion operator and the Lorentz operator, proposed by the pioneers of anisotropic di usion. For this, a strategy consisting of two phases is designed. In the rst, called operator construction, the composition of functions is used to generate a new di usion operator that meets with the conditions reported for this kind of the mathematical object. In the second phase, denominated ltering, a synthetic cardiac images database, based on computed tomography, is ltered using the aforementioned operators. According with the value obtained for the peak of the signal-to-noise ratio, the new operator shows similar performance to the Lorentz operator. The implementation of this new operator contributes to the generation of new knowledge in digital image processing context.
Newton-Raphson method initialization for non-analytical equations solution linked to anticipated annuities
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Vera, M; Flórez, M; Salazar-Torres, J; Huérfano, Y; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Valbuena, O; Vera, M I; Aranguen, M
The series of payments made in equal intervals of time is known, in the world of financial mathematics, as an annuity. An anticipated annuity is one whose periodic payment expires at the beginning of the established payment interval. The non-analytical equation that allows us to calculate the interest rate, linked to the anticipated annuity, can be solved using several numerical methods, in particular, the numerical method called Newton-Rhapson. The main problem with this method is its initialization, which requires of one starting point that, usually, is estimated without any scientific background or using random or arbitraries mechanisms. In order to address this problem, in this paper, we establish as main objective to demonstrate that the Newton-Rhapson method can be initialized using only the data, of an anticipated annuity, identified as capital, income and payment intervals without the need to use the initialization strategies, reported in the literature. Through this article, a strategy is presented that allow us to calculate the value of the AA interest rate using the MNR. The value of the error generated for the problematic considered in order to assess the quality of the work performed, is a clear indicator of the good performance of the proposed strategy. This strategy for obtaining the starting point of the aforementioned numerical method is useful in the financial mathematical context, for example, when is necessary the interest rate calculation.
Parallel methods for linear systems solution in extreme learning machines: an overview
(2020) Gelvez-Almeida, E; Baldera-Moreno, Y; Huérfano, Y; Vera, M; Mora, M; Barrientos, R
This paper aims to present an updated review of parallel algorithms for solving square and rectangular single and double precision matrix linear systems using multi-core central processing units and graphic processing units. A brief description of the methods for the solution of linear systems based on operations, factorization and iterations was made. The methodology implemented, in this article, is a documentary and it was based on the review of about 17 papers reported in the literature during the last five years (2016-2020). The disclosed findings demonstrate the potential of parallelism to significantly decrease extreme learning machines training times for problems with large amounts of data given the calculation of the Moore Penrose pseudo inverse. The implementation of parallel algorithms in the calculation of the pseudo-inverse will allow to contribute significantly in the applications of diversifying areas, since it can accelerate the training time of the extreme learning machines with optimal results.
Problem solving strategy in the teaching and learning processes of quantitative reasoning
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Barrera, D; Salazar-Torres, J; Vera, M; Gelvez-Almeida, E
The study presents an analysis of Polya's problem-solving strategy used in the training processes of quantitative reasoning competence in students of the Universidad Simón Bolívar, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. The research was based on a descriptive design and had an intentional sample of 58 students who were studying the sciences and general competencies elective. For the collection of information, a diagnostic test (pre-test) and a final test (post-test) were applied, in order to check the incidence of the applied strategy. The results showed a significant improvement in the final results obtained by the students in each of the processes formed: interpretation, representation and modeling, and argumentation.
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma characterization using computed tomography images
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Huérfano, Y; Vera, M; Valbuena, O; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Salazar-Torres, J
Lung cancer is one of the pathologies that sensitively affects the health of human beings. Particularly, the pathology called pulmonary adenocarcinoma represents 25% of all lung cancers. In this research, we propose a semiautomatic technique for the characterization of a tumor (adenocarcinoma type), present in a three-dimensional pulmonary computed tomography dataset. Following the basic scheme of digital image processing, first, a bank of smoothing filters and edge detectors is applied allowing the adequate preprocessing over the dataset images. Then, clustering methods are used for obtaining the tumor morphology. The relative percentage error and the accuracy rate were the metrics considered to determine the performance of the proposed technique. The values obtained from the metrics used reflect an excellent correlation between the morphology of the tumor, generated manually by a pneumologist and the values obtained by the proposed technique. In the clinical and surgical contexts, the characterization of the detected lung tumor is made in terms of volume occupied by the tumor and it allows the monitoring of this disease as well as the activation of the respective protocols for its approach.
Renal lithiasis detection in uro-computed tomography using a non-parametric technique
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Rodríguez-Ibáñez, R; Vera, M I; Vera, M; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Huérfano, Y; Valbuena, O; Salazar-Torres, J
Renal lithiasis is the pathology that causes nephritic colic, which is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in emergency medical services. According to the size, location, hardness and number of stones present in the urinary system, usually in the human kidney, it is established to which form of treatment is suitable for the patient. These kidney stones can be analyzed by means of biopsy or imaging modalities such as computed tomography images. This type of images has challenging problems called noise, artifacts and low contrast. In this paper, in order to address these problems, a non-parametric semi-automatic computational technique is developed for detecting kidney stones, present in computed tomography images, using digital image processing techniques based on a smoothing filter and an edge detector. Finally, the size and position of the stones present in the images are calculated and a precision metric is considered to compare the manual segmentation, performed by an urologist, and the one generated by the NPCT, obtaining an excellent correlation. This technique can be useful in the renal lithiasis detection and if it is considering this kind of computational strategy, medical specialists can establish the clinic or surgical actions oriented to address this pathology.
The rubric as an assessment strategy in the mathematical argumentation process
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Salazar-Torres, J; Vera, M; Contreras, Y; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Huérfano, Y; Valbuena, O
The article shares the proposal of an analytical rubric as a strategy for the assessment and monitoring of learning outcomes in students who develop an argumentative plot from the mathematics field, to solve any problem situation in daily life. The study was based on the theory of mathematical argumentation proposed by Duval and the contributions of León and Calderón, as well as the dimensions presented to us by the logical frameworks in the design of analytical rubrics. The research was developed under the social critical paradigm through the design of pedagogical action research, and the focus group technique was used for the collection of information composed by five professors from the department of basic sciences. As a result, a collective rubric that, in addition to generating processes of self-assessment and self-training in teachers, evidences a decrease in the existent subjectivity of the evaluation processes, thus strengthening its objectivity.
Security strategy for vulnerabilities prevention in the development of web applications
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Vargas, S; Vera, M; Rodríguez, J
In recent years, Higher Education Institutions through their Systems departments have strengthened security for the development of applications on web environment, because of their vulnerability to possible computer attacks. This research proposes a security strategy to reduce the risk presented by the web applications developed in the systems department of the Simón Bolívar University, in San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, based on a diagnosis of the current state of its security policy compared to other institutions of the department of Norte de Santander, the analysis of current regulations and the state of the art of security in web applications, as an object of study. This strategy of safe web software development arises in order to establish the security parameters that should be applied by the web software developers of the Institution, shielding the developed applications and thus guaranteeing the integrity of the information that is manipulated through them. The strategy was validated through expert judgment in the field of web application development, emphasizing the importance of applying it to prevent vulnerabilities in institutional web software and thus provide greater reliability in the management of information.
Semi-automatic detection of hepatic tumor in computed tomography images
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Sáenz, F; Vera, M; López, J; Huérfano, Y; Valbuena, O; Vera, M I; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Salazar-Torres, J
In this work, the main purpose is develop a computational segmentation strategy for liver tumor semiautomatic detection. This strategy considers three-dimensional computed tomography images and it consists of techniques application that, on the one hand, diminish the noise and detect the edges of the objects present in those images and, on the other hand, generate the liver tumor morphology. For this, the sequence of techniques composed of gaussian smoothing, gradient magnitude, median filter, region growing and binary morphological dilation are used. The value obtained, for the metric called Dice score, show a good correlation between manual segmentation, performed by a hepatologist, and the tumor segmentation obtained using the proposed technique. This type of segmentation is the extreme utility for the characterization of hepatic tumors and the planning of the clinical behavior to be followed in the treatment of this human liver disease.
Semi-automatic detection of the evolutionary forms of visceral leishmaniasis in microscopic blood smears
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Salazar, J; Vera, M; Huérfano, Y; Vera, M I; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Valbuena, O
Leishmaniasis is a complex group of diseases caused by obligate unicellular and intracellular eukaryotic protozoa of the leishmania genus. Leishmania species generate diverse syndromes ranging from skin ulcers of spontaneous resolution to fatal visceral disease. These syndromes belong to three categories: visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis. The visceral leishmaniasis is based on the reticuloendothelial system producing hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. In the present article, a semiautomatic segmentation strategy is proposed to obtain the segmentations of the evolutionary shapes of visceral leishmaniasis called parasites, specifically of the type amastigote and promastigote. For this purpose, the optical microscopy images containing said evolutionary shapes, which are generated from a blood smear, are subjected to a process of transformation of the color intensity space into a space of intensity in gray levels that facilitate their subsequent preprocessing and adaptation. In the preprocessing stage, smoothing filters and edge detectors are used to enhance the optical microscopy images. In a complementary way, a segmentation technique that groups the pixels corresponding to each one of the parasites, presents in the considered images, is applied. The results reveal a high correspondence between the available manual segmentations and the semi-automatic segmentations which are useful for the characterization of the parasites. The obtained segmentations let us to calculate areas and perimeters associated with the parasites segmented. These results are very important in clinical context where both the area and perimeter calculated are vital for monitoring the development of visceral leishmaniasis.
Smart operator for the human liver automatic segmentation, present in medical images
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Vera, M; Sáenz, F; Huérfano, Y; Gelvez-Almeida, E; Vera, M I; Salazar-Torres, J; Valbuena, O
The segmentation of the human body organ called liver is a highly challenging problem due to the noise, artifacts and the low contrast exhibited by the anatomical structures located around the liver and that are present in digital images, generated by any modality of medical images. The main modalities are: ultrasound, nuclear emission, magnetic resonance and the gold standard called multi-slice computed tomography. In this paper, with the objective of to address this problem, we consider multi-slice computed tomography images and we propose an automatic strategy based on two phases. In the first phase, a digital filtering bank is used for diminishing the noise effect and the artifacts impact in the quality of images. In the second phase, called liver detection, we use a smart operator based on least squares support vector machines for generating both the morphology and the volume of liver. The application of this strategy allows generating the morphology of the liver in a precise and efficient manner as it was demonstrated by the metrics used to assess its performance. These results are very important in clinical-surgical processes where both the shape and volume of liver are vital for monitoring some liver diseases that can affect the normal liver physiology.
Space-occupying lesions identification in mammary glands using a mixed computational strategy
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Vargas, S; Vera, M I; Vera, M; Salazar-Torres, J; Huérfano, Y; Valbuena, O; Gelvez-Almeida, E
Abstract. The mammary pathology can manifest itself in multiple ways and originates spaceoccupying lesions. The breast cancer is a space-occupying lesion, which is highly prevalent, especially in women, and worldwide it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. The main image modality for breast cancer detection is the magnetic resonance but this kind of image modality introduces several imperfections that affect the image quality. Some of these imperfections or problems are: inhomogeneity in the anatomical structures, riccian noise and artifacts. These problems make the analysis of the image information a real challenge. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose a computational technique able to extract a space-occupying lesion linked to breast cancer, present in magnetic resonance images. For this, the original image is processed with statisticalarithmetic filters and segmentation algorithms based on thresholding and multi-seed region growing techniques. The results, based on Dice score, show that the proposed technique is suitable for segmenting the breast cancer due high correlation between semi-automatic and manual segmentations. This technique can be useful in the detection, characterization and monitoring of this type of cancer and it can let to medical doctors to realize their work more efficiently.
Uncertainty as key element in the analysis of X–ray angiography images
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Bravo, A; Vera, M; Huérfano, Y; Manrique, Y; Valbuena, O
The X–ray angiography images are routinely used to assess the blood vessels. The acquisition procedure considers a medical imaging system which allows obtaining views of the vessel while the blood flows thought them. The X–ray source is influenced on the region to be viewed and then, the projection of the all anatomical structures in the champ of view is shown through an image intensifier. The information of the blood vessel is impacted for the other structures. Additionally, the blood and the contrast product required in the acquisition are not mixed homogeneously, producing artifacts in the images. Finally, the noise is also an impact factor in the quality of the angiography images. In the coronary vessel case, the branches of the network are superposed. In this paper, an enhancement procedure to diminish the uncertainty associated to X–ray angiography images is reported. The relation between two versions of the angiograms is determined using a fuzzy connector considering that this relation diminishes the images intrinsic uncertainty. These versions correspond with images filtered with low-pass and high-pass image filters, respectively. The technique is tested with images of the coronary and kidney vessels. The qualitative results show a good enhanced of the angiography images.

Examinando por Autor "Vera, M"

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