Terapia de aceptación y compromiso ACT para el tratamiento de la fibromialgia: una revisión de avances investigativos
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Fecha
2026
Autores
López Simanca, Ana Carolina
Maldonado Ortega, Jostein Andres
Pereira Gutiérrez, Daniela
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La fibromialgia es un síndrome de dolor crónico caracterizado por dolor musculoesquelético generalizado, fatiga persistente, alteraciones del sueño y dificultades cognitivas, síntomas que impactan de manera significativa la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen. Además de las manifestaciones fisiológicas, este trastorno suele estar acompañado de sintomatología psicológica como ansiedad, depresión, irritabilidad y elevados niveles de estrés, lo que contribuye a un deterioro en el funcionamiento cotidiano. Debido a su naturaleza crónica y a la ausencia de un tratamiento con cura definitiva, el abordaje terapéutico de la fibromialgia requiere estrategias integrales y multidisciplinarias que no solo busquen disminuir el dolor, sino también mejorar la adaptación psicológica a la enfermedad. En este contexto, la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT), perteneciente a las terapias de tercera generación, ha emergido como una alternativa de intervención psicológica centrada en el desarrollo de la flexibilidad psicológica. Este enfoque propone que, en lugar de intentar eliminar o controlar el dolor a toda costa, los pacientes aprendan a modificar la relación que establecen con sus experiencias internas desagradables, como el dolor, los pensamientos negativos o las emociones derivadas. A través de procesos como la aceptación, la defusión cognitiva, el contacto con el momento presente y la clarificación de valores, la ACT busca promover conductas comprometidas con una vida significativa, aun en presencia del malestar.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, persistent fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties, symptoms that significantly impact the quality of life of those who suffer from it. In addition to its physiological manifestations, this disorder is often accompanied by psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, irritability, and high levels of stress, which contribute to a decline in daily functioning. Due to its chronic nature and the absence of a definitive cure, the therapeutic approach to fibromyalgia requires comprehensive and multidisciplinary strategies aimed not only at reducing pain but also at improving psychological adaptation to the illness. In this context, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ACT, part of the third wave of behavioral therapies, has emerged as an alternative psychological intervention focused on developing psychological flexibility. Rather than attempting to eliminate or control pain at all costs, this approach encourages patients to change the way they relate to unpleasant internal experiences, such as pain, negative thoughts, or related emotions. Through processes such as acceptance, cognitive defusion, contact with the present moment, and values clarification, ACT seeks to promote behaviors aligned with a meaningful life, even in the presence of discomfort.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, persistent fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties, symptoms that significantly impact the quality of life of those who suffer from it. In addition to its physiological manifestations, this disorder is often accompanied by psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, irritability, and high levels of stress, which contribute to a decline in daily functioning. Due to its chronic nature and the absence of a definitive cure, the therapeutic approach to fibromyalgia requires comprehensive and multidisciplinary strategies aimed not only at reducing pain but also at improving psychological adaptation to the illness. In this context, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ACT, part of the third wave of behavioral therapies, has emerged as an alternative psychological intervention focused on developing psychological flexibility. Rather than attempting to eliminate or control pain at all costs, this approach encourages patients to change the way they relate to unpleasant internal experiences, such as pain, negative thoughts, or related emotions. Through processes such as acceptance, cognitive defusion, contact with the present moment, and values clarification, ACT seeks to promote behaviors aligned with a meaningful life, even in the presence of discomfort.
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Palabras clave
Fibromialgia, Terapia de aceptación y compromiso, ACT, Intervención psicológica, Dolor crónico
