Responsabilidad patrimonial del estado frente a los olvidos quirúrgicos: una aproximación desde la jurisprudencia colombiana
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Anduquia Calderon, Gustavo Andrés
Botello Quintero, Arelis
Cruz, Yohany Antonio
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente ensayo analiza la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado colombiano frente a los olvidos quirúrgicos ocurridos en la prestación del servicio público de salud, entendidos como la retención involuntaria de material o instrumental médico en el cuerpo del paciente durante una intervención quirúrgica. Estos eventos, catalogados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como Never Events, afectan gravemente la seguridad del paciente y derechos fundamentales como la vida, la salud y la dignidad humana, además de generar reclamaciones judiciales contra el Estado.
Desde una perspectiva jurídica, el trabajo examina la responsabilidad estatal a partir del daño antijurídico y la imputación, con énfasis en la falla del servicio médico- asistencial, a la luz del marco constitucional y la jurisprudencia contencioso administrativo, en materia de responsabilidad del Estado colombiano.
This essay analyzes the State’s patrimonial liability in Colombia regarding surgical forgetfulness in the provision of public health services, understood as the involuntary retention of medical materials or instruments in a patient’s body during surgical procedures. These events, classified by the World Health Organization as Never Events, seriously compromise patient safety and fundamental rights such as life, health, and human dignity, while also giving rise to judicial claims against the State. From a legal perspective, the paper analyzes the configuration of State liability based on the concepts of unlawful damage and legal attribution, with particular emphasis on failure in medical service provision. Through a review of the constitutional framework and relevant administrative jurisprudence, the essay reflects on the criteria used to attribute liability and the legal and patrimonial consequences arising from surgical retained items in Colombia.
This essay analyzes the State’s patrimonial liability in Colombia regarding surgical forgetfulness in the provision of public health services, understood as the involuntary retention of medical materials or instruments in a patient’s body during surgical procedures. These events, classified by the World Health Organization as Never Events, seriously compromise patient safety and fundamental rights such as life, health, and human dignity, while also giving rise to judicial claims against the State. From a legal perspective, the paper analyzes the configuration of State liability based on the concepts of unlawful damage and legal attribution, with particular emphasis on failure in medical service provision. Through a review of the constitutional framework and relevant administrative jurisprudence, the essay reflects on the criteria used to attribute liability and the legal and patrimonial consequences arising from surgical retained items in Colombia.
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Responsabilidad del Estado, Olvidos quirúrgicos, Daño antijurídico, Falla del servicio, Seguridad del paciente
