Caracterización de factores de riesgo relacionados con enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en el barrio 7 de abril de Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Chavez Ayala, Roquelina
Mancera Grass, Laura María
Ortiz Ävila, Diana Carolina
Yie Arteta, Daniel Felipe
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA) constituyen un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial debido a su elevada incidencia y a las repercusiones que generan sobre la salud de las poblaciones. Estas enfermedades se producen principalmente por el consumo de alimentos o agua contaminados con microorganismos patógenos, toxinas o sustancias químicas, y suelen estar asociadas a factores como prácticas inadecuadas de higiene, deficiencias en la manipulación y conservación de alimentos, acceso limitado a agua potable y condiciones sanitarias deficientes. Desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales de la salud, las ETA no solo dependen de factores biológicos, sino también de las condiciones sociales, económicas y ambientales que influyen en la exposición de las comunidades a riesgos sanitarios. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y caracterizar los factores de riesgo asociados a las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en la comunidad del barrio 7 de Abril de Barranquilla, Atlántico, promoviendo una cultura orientada al cuidado de la salud y al fortalecimiento de prácticas preventivas relacionadas con la inocuidad alimentaria. Asimismo, se buscó analizar la influencia de variables como el acceso al agua potable, las condiciones de saneamiento, las prácticas de manipulación de alimentos y las dinámicas de consumo presentes en la comunidad. La selección del barrio 7 de Abril respondió a un proceso previo de revisión bibliográfica y análisis de información secundaria sobre diferentes comunidades que presentaban condiciones de interés para la investigación. Durante esta etapa se identificó un conjunto de barrios con problemáticas relacionadas con el acceso al agua, condiciones de saneamiento y factores ambientales potencialmente asociados a la aparición de ETA. Entre ellos, el barrio 7 de Abril fue la primera comunidad que manifestó disposición para participar en el estudio y facilitó el acceso necesario para el desarrollo de las actividades de campo.
Foodborne diseases (FBDs) constitute a major public health concern worldwide due to their high incidence and the significant impact they have on population health. These diseases are primarily caused by the consumption of food or water contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, or chemical substances, and are often associated with poor hygiene practices, inadequate food handling and preservation, limited access to safe drinking water, and deficient sanitary conditions. From the perspective of the social determinants of health, FBDs are influenced not only by biological factors but also by the social, economic, and environmental conditions that affect communities' exposure to health risks. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the risk factors associated with foodborne diseases in the 7 de Abril neighborhood of Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia, while promoting a culture of health awareness and strengthening preventive practices related to food safety. In addition, the study sought to analyze the influence of variables such as access to drinking water, sanitation conditions, food handling practices, and food consumption dynamics within the community. The selection of the 7 de Abril neighborhood resulted from a prior literature review and secondary data analysis of different communities presenting conditions relevant to the research. During this stage, several neighborhoods were identified as having issues related to water access, sanitation, and environmental factors potentially associated with the occurrence of foodborne diseases. Among them, 7 de Abril was the first community willing to participate in the study and facilitate the fieldwork process.
Foodborne diseases (FBDs) constitute a major public health concern worldwide due to their high incidence and the significant impact they have on population health. These diseases are primarily caused by the consumption of food or water contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, or chemical substances, and are often associated with poor hygiene practices, inadequate food handling and preservation, limited access to safe drinking water, and deficient sanitary conditions. From the perspective of the social determinants of health, FBDs are influenced not only by biological factors but also by the social, economic, and environmental conditions that affect communities' exposure to health risks. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the risk factors associated with foodborne diseases in the 7 de Abril neighborhood of Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia, while promoting a culture of health awareness and strengthening preventive practices related to food safety. In addition, the study sought to analyze the influence of variables such as access to drinking water, sanitation conditions, food handling practices, and food consumption dynamics within the community. The selection of the 7 de Abril neighborhood resulted from a prior literature review and secondary data analysis of different communities presenting conditions relevant to the research. During this stage, several neighborhoods were identified as having issues related to water access, sanitation, and environmental factors potentially associated with the occurrence of foodborne diseases. Among them, 7 de Abril was the first community willing to participate in the study and facilitate the fieldwork process.
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Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, Determinantes sociales de la salud, Factores de riesgo, Inocuidad alimentaria, Agua potable, Saneamiento ambiental
