Apósitos bioactivos a base de quitosano: actividad antimicrobiana y sostenibilidad para la cicatrización de heridas
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2026
Autores
Bustillo Dumett, Valeria
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
Los apósitos bioactivos a base de quitosano han emergido como una alternativa terapéutica prometedora en el campo de la cicatrización de heridas, gracias a sus propiedades antimicrobianas, biocompatibles y sostenibles. El presente trabajo constituye una revisión bibliográfica que analiza la evidencia científica disponible sobre el quitosano como biomaterial para la fabricación de apósitos bioactivos, con énfasis en su actividad frente a microorganismos patógenos frecuentemente asociados a infecciones en heridas, sus distintas formas de presentación, sus ventajas y limitaciones, y su perfil de sostenibilidad ambiental. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en bases de datos como PubMed, ScienceDirect, PMC y MDPI, utilizando términos como chitosan, wound dressing, antimicrobial activity, bioactive dressing y wound healing, con un enfoque en publicaciones de los años 2007-2025. Los resultados evidencian que el quitosano ejerce actividad antimicrobiana frente a bacterias como Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae, entre otras, actuando a través de mecanismos intracelulares y extracelulares. Además, su capacidad de formularse en hidrogeles, esponjas, membranas y nanofibras lo posiciona como un material versátil que actúa favorablemente en las distintas fases de la cicatrización. Desde una perspectiva ambiental, su origen renovable a partir de residuos de la industria pesquera y su biodegradabilidad lo convierten en una opción amigable con los principios de sostenibilidad. Se concluye que los apósitos a base de quitosano representan una solución eficaz, multimodal y ecológicamente responsable para el manejo de heridas infectadas, aunque persisten retos relacionados con su solubilidad y propiedades mecánicas que requieren seguir siendo abordados.
Chitosan-based bioactive dressings have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative in the field of wound healing, owing to their antimicrobial, biocompatible, and sustainable properties. The present work constitutes a bibliographic review that analyzes the available scientific evidence on chitosan as a biomaterial for the fabrication of bioactive dressings, with emphasis on its activity against pathogenic microorganisms frequently associated with wound infections, its different forms of presentation, its advantages and limitations, and its environmental sustainability profile. The bibliographic search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, PMC, and MDPI, using terms such as chitosan, wound dressing, antimicrobial activity, bioactive dressing, and wound healing, with a focus on publications from the years (2007-2025). The results show that chitosan exerts antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, among others, acting through intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. Furthermore, its capacity to be formulated into hydrogels, sponges, membranes, and nanofibers positions it as a versatile material that acts favorably throughout the different phases of wound healing. From an environmental perspective, its renewable origin from fishery industry waste and its biodegradability make it a coherent option aligned with sustainability principles. It is concluded that chitosan-based dressings represent an effective, multimodal, and ecologically responsible solution for the management of infected wounds, although challenges related to its solubility and mechanical properties remain to be addressed.
Chitosan-based bioactive dressings have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative in the field of wound healing, owing to their antimicrobial, biocompatible, and sustainable properties. The present work constitutes a bibliographic review that analyzes the available scientific evidence on chitosan as a biomaterial for the fabrication of bioactive dressings, with emphasis on its activity against pathogenic microorganisms frequently associated with wound infections, its different forms of presentation, its advantages and limitations, and its environmental sustainability profile. The bibliographic search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, PMC, and MDPI, using terms such as chitosan, wound dressing, antimicrobial activity, bioactive dressing, and wound healing, with a focus on publications from the years (2007-2025). The results show that chitosan exerts antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, among others, acting through intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. Furthermore, its capacity to be formulated into hydrogels, sponges, membranes, and nanofibers positions it as a versatile material that acts favorably throughout the different phases of wound healing. From an environmental perspective, its renewable origin from fishery industry waste and its biodegradability make it a coherent option aligned with sustainability principles. It is concluded that chitosan-based dressings represent an effective, multimodal, and ecologically responsible solution for the management of infected wounds, although challenges related to its solubility and mechanical properties remain to be addressed.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Quitosano, Apósitos bioactivos, Actividad antimicrobiana, Cicatrización de heridas, Sostenibilidad, Microbiota cutánea
