Assessment of visuospatial working memory using virtual reality: Design of the Corsi Cubes video game
| datacite.rights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Hernández Yáñez, Brandon Steeven | |
| dc.contributor.author | LEAL PABÓN, JESSICA LORENA | |
| dc.contributor.author | DIAZ-CAMARGO, EDGAR | |
| dc.contributor.author | RODRIGUEZ IBAÑEZ, RAUL EDUARDO | |
| dc.contributor.author | Riaño-Garzón, Manuel | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-06-18T19:49:06Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-06-18T19:49:06Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Background: Visuospatial memory is fundamental to understanding and learning, as it allows individuals to remember and manipulate information about the space around them and the objects within it, enabling the orientation, attention, and memory required for daily activities. Traditional assessments of visuospatial memory, such as the Corsi block-tapping task, can be highly motivating in their standard application, especially in infant populations, given the wide range of available technological options, which can undermine the accuracy of their results. In this sense, the research aimed to design and preliminarily validate an educational virtual reality video game to assess short-term visuospatial memory in an immersive, automated manner. Material and methods: Design Thinking methodology was used for software development. Results: A responsive web application, using the Three.js library for Meta Quest 2 viewers via WebXR, which is an accessible tool that automates the patient’s cognitive record. Conclusions: A video game is a viable and innovative alternative for neuroeducation. | eng |
| dc.description.abstract | Introducción: La memoria visoespacial es fundamental para la comprensión y el aprendizaje, ya que permite a un individuo recordar y manipular información sobre el espacio que le rodea y los objetos que hay dentro de él, lo que favorece la orientación, la atención y la memoria necesarias para el desarrollo de las actividades diarias. Las evaluaciones tradicionales de la memoria visoespacial, como la prueba de Cubos Corsi, pueden resultar menos motivadoras en su aplicación tradicional, especialmente en población infantil, por lo que conviene considerar las diferentes opciones tecnológicas ampliamente disponibles, lo cual puede debilitar la precisión de sus resultados. En este sentido, el estudio tuvo como objetivo el diseño y la validación preliminar de un videojuego educativo en realidad virtual para evaluar de manera inmersiva y automatizada la memoria visoespacial a corto plazo. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó la metodología Design Thinking para el desarrollo del software. Resultados: Se obtuvo una aplicación web responsive que utiliza la librería Three.js para los visores Meta Quest 2 mediante WebXR, lo que constituye una herramienta accesible que automatiza el registro cognitivo del paciente. Conclusiones: El videojuego se propone como una alternativa viable e innovadora para la neuroeducación. | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | ||
| dc.identifier.issn | 27390012 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/18044 | |
| dc.identifier.url | https://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/32748 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Central de Venezuela | spa |
| dc.publisher | Academia Nacional de Medicina (Venezuela) | spa |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | eng |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.source | Gaceta Médica de Caracas | spa |
| dc.source | Vol. 134 Número Suplementario 2 (2026) | spa |
| dc.subject | Realidad virtual | spa |
| dc.subject | Memoria visoespacial | spa |
| dc.subject | Test de Corsi | spa |
| dc.subject | Gamificación | spa |
| dc.subject | Evaluación cognitiva | spa |
| dc.subject.keywords | Virtual reality | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | Visuospatial memory | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | Corsi test | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | Gamification | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | WebXR | eng |
| dc.subject.keywords | Cognitive assessment | eng |
| dc.title | Assessment of visuospatial working memory using virtual reality: Design of the Corsi Cubes video game | eng |
| dc.title.translated | Evaluación de la memoria de trabajo visoespacial mediante realidad virtual: diseño del videojuego Cubos Corsi | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | |
| dc.type.spa | Artículo científico | |
| dcterms.references | Diamond A. Executive Functions. Ann Rev Psychol. 2013;64(2012):135-168. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Chooi WT. Working Memory and Intelligence: A Brief Review. J Educ Develop Psychol. 2012;2(2). | eng |
| dcterms.references | Baddeley A. Working Memory: Theories, Models, and Controversies. Ann Rev Psychol. 2012;63(1):1-29. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Riaño-Garzón M, Díaz-Camargo E, Torrado-Rodríguez J, Salomón J, Salón Y, Raynaud N. Habilidades cognoscitivas en niños que inician la edad escolar de la Base de la Pirámide: estudio comparativo. En: Graterol M, Mendoza M, Contreras J, Graterol R, Espinosa J, editores. La base de la pirámide y la innovación frugal en América Latina.Maracaibo: Ediciones Astro Data; 2017.p.157-180. | spa |
| dcterms.references | Riaño-Garzón M, Díaz-Camargo E, Torrado-Rodríguez J, Uribe-Alvarado JI, Contreras-Velásquez JC, Fierro- Zárate C, et al. Neurofeedback effects on cognitive performance in children with attention deficit. Arch Venez Farmacol Terap. 2018;37(3):205-211. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Chacón O, Riaño-Garzón M, Bermúdez-Pirela V, Chaparro-Suárez YK, Hernández-Lalinde JD. Efectos de la estimulación cognitiva asistida por software sobre la capacidad de atención visual en niños escolarizados. Arch Venez Farmacol Terap. 2018;37(5):512-517. | spa |
| dcterms.references | Tulsky DS, Carlozzi NE, Chevalier N, Espy KA, Beaumont JL, Mungas DV. NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB): measuring working memory. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 2013;78(4):70-87. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Kessels RPC, van Zandvoort MJE, Postma A, Kappelle LJ, de Haan EHF. The Corsi Block-Tapping Task: Standardization and Normative Data. Appl Neuropsychol. 2000;7(4):252-258. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Brunetti, Del Gatto C, Delogu F. eCorsi: implemen- tation and testing of the Corsi block-tapping task for digital tablets. Front Psychol. 2014;5. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Immordino-Yang MH, Damasio A. We Feel, Therefore We Learn: The Relevance of Affective and Social Neuroscience to Education. Mind Brain Educ. 2007;1(1):3-10. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Dede C. Immersive Interfaces for Engagement and Learning. Science (1979). 2009;323(5910):66-69. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Merchant Z, Goetz ET, Cifuentes L, Keeney-Kennicutt W, Davis TJ. Effectiveness of virtual reality-based instruction on students’ learning outcomes in K-12 and higher education: A meta-analysis. Comput Educ. 2014;70:29-40. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Neguț A, Matu SA, Sava FA, David D. Virtual reality measures in neuropsychological assessment: A meta- analytic review. Clin Neuropsychol. 201630(2):165- 184. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Rizzo A “Skip”, Koenig ST. Is clinical virtual reality ready for primetime? Neuropsychology. 2017;31(8):877-899. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Kourtesis P, Lizarraga A, MacPherson SE. Immersive virtual reality assessments of working memory and psychomotor skills: A comparison between immersive and non-immersive assessments. J Neuropsychol. 2025. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Panke S. Design Thinking in Education: Perspectives, Opportunities and Challenges. Open Education Studies. 2019;1(1):281-306. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Brown T. Design Thinking. Harv Bus Rev. 2008;86:84–92, 141. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Kourtesis P, Korre D, Collina S, Doumas LAA, MacPherson SE. Guidelines for the Development of Immersive Virtual Reality Software for Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology: The Development of Virtual Reality Everyday Assessment Lab (VR- EAL), a Neuropsychological Test Battery in Immersive Virtual Reality. Front Comput Sci. 2020;1. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Li D, Numan N, Qian X, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Alekseev E, et al. XR Blocks: Accelerating Human-centered AI + XR Innovation. 2025. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Corsi PM. Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain. In 1972. Available from: https:// api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140928756 | eng |
| dcterms.references | Zsebi S, Sik-Lanyi C, Szabó P, Filotás P, Zsuffa JA, Cserjési R. A virtual reality take on the Corsi- Block Tapping Task: Exploring VR for spatial working memory assessment. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2025;261:105918. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Bauer ACM, Andringa G. The Potential of Immersive Virtual Reality for Cognitive Training in Elderly. Gerontology. 2020;66(6):614-623. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Pang JWM, Lim JE, Koh EYL, Tan NC. Validity and reliability of a virtual reality system as an assessment tool for cognitive impairment based on the six cognitive domains. Virtual Real. 2025;29(3):109. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Wang J, Shi R, Zheng W, Xie W, Kao D, Liang HN. Effect of Frame Rate on User Experience, Performance, and Simulator Sickness in Virtual Reality. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2023;29(5):2478-2488. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Song H, Oh, Choi J, Ohm SY. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality–Based Cognitive Control Training Game for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms: Preliminary Effectiveness Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2025;8:e66617–e66617. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Hadjiaros M, Shimi A, Neokleous K, Pattichis C, Avraamides M. Virtual Reality Gamification of Visual Search, Response Inhibition, and Visual Short-Term Memory Tasks for Cognitive Assessment: Experimental Study. JMIR Form Res. 2025;9:e65836– e65836. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Mystakidis S. Metaverse. Encyclopedia. 2022;2(1):486-497. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Lai FH Yin, Yee BK, Wang EHJ, Butler J, Graham A, Hai EY Kuen, et al. Cognition in virtual reality: assessing user acceptability and feasibility of virtual reality cognitive screening for older adults. Front Psychiatry. 2025;16. | eng |
| dcterms.references | Somrak A, Humar I, Hossain MS, Alhamid MF, Hossain MA, Guna J. Estimating VR Sickness and user experience using different HMD technologies: An evaluation study. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2019;94:302-316. | eng |
| oaire.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |