Enfoque jurídico de la reforma pensional del año 2024 a partir del principio de la libertad de escogencia de regímenes en Colombia
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Carpintero Mercado, Katya Laurieth
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este proyecto de investigación aplicada analizó el enfoque jurídico de la reforma pensional contenida en la Ley 2381 de 2024 a partir del principio de la libertad de escogencia de regímenes pensionales en Colombia. Este estudió tuvo como propósitos Identificar los antecedentes históricos, epistemológicos y jurídicos de la nueva reforma pensional; comprender la naturaleza Jurídica de la libertad de escogencia; construir una línea jurisprudencial y analizar las percepciones de jueces, abogados, empleadores y afiliados al sistema General de Pensiones.
Para dar cumplimiento a esos propósitos investigativos se requirió la aplicación de una metodología rigurosa, de manera que se utilizó el paradigma histórico hermenéutico, lo que conllevó a que el tipo de investigación fuera de corte cualitativa. El nivel de profundidad que se empleó fue el descriptivo – explicativo y el método utilizado fue inductivo. Se emplearon técnicas como la revisión documental y la entrevista a diferentes actores, lo que permitió abordar el objeto de estudio desde una perspectiva integral.
Este ejercicio investigativo concluyó que la libertad de escogencia desde la expedición de la Ley 100 del año 1993 ha evolucionado de una simple facultad a una garantía constitucional. No obstante, aunque la nueva reforma pensional reconoce expresamente la libertad de escogencia como principio estructural del sistema pensional, simultáneamente introduce limitaciones mediante pilares y asignación de umbrales que restringen la autonomía del afiliado. Así mismo, se evidenció, que a diferencia del sistema de salud esta libertad cuenta con una protección más robusta, en materia pensional, aunque se reconoce como principio persisten restricciones que generan tensiones entre su reconocimiento formal y su aplicación efectiva.
This applied research project analyzed the legal framework of the pension reform set out in Law 2381 of 2024, which is grounded in Colombia’s principle of freedom of choice regarding pension plans. The objectives of this study were to identify the historical, epistemological and legal background of the new pension reform; to clarify the legal nature of freedom of choice; to establish a line of jurisprudence; and to analyze the perceptions of judges, lawyers, employers, and members of the General Pension System. To fulfill these research objectives, a rigorous methodology was required; therefore, the historical-hermeneutic paradigm was employed, resulting in a qualitative research design. The study used a descriptive-explanatory level of depth, and the method employed was inductive. Techniques such as document review and interviews with various stakeholders were used, enabling a comprehensive approach to the study. This research concluded that, since the enactment of Law 100 in 1993, freedom of choice has evolved from a simple right into a constitutional guarantee. However, although the new pension reform expressly recognizes freedom of choice as a structural principle of the pension system, it simultaneously introduces limitations through pillars and the setting of thresholds that restrict the affiliate's autonomy. Likewise, it was evident that, unlike the health care system, this freedom enjoys more robust protection; in the pension system, although it is recognized as a principle, there are still restrictions that create tensions between its formal recognition and its effective application.
This applied research project analyzed the legal framework of the pension reform set out in Law 2381 of 2024, which is grounded in Colombia’s principle of freedom of choice regarding pension plans. The objectives of this study were to identify the historical, epistemological and legal background of the new pension reform; to clarify the legal nature of freedom of choice; to establish a line of jurisprudence; and to analyze the perceptions of judges, lawyers, employers, and members of the General Pension System. To fulfill these research objectives, a rigorous methodology was required; therefore, the historical-hermeneutic paradigm was employed, resulting in a qualitative research design. The study used a descriptive-explanatory level of depth, and the method employed was inductive. Techniques such as document review and interviews with various stakeholders were used, enabling a comprehensive approach to the study. This research concluded that, since the enactment of Law 100 in 1993, freedom of choice has evolved from a simple right into a constitutional guarantee. However, although the new pension reform expressly recognizes freedom of choice as a structural principle of the pension system, it simultaneously introduces limitations through pillars and the setting of thresholds that restrict the affiliate's autonomy. Likewise, it was evident that, unlike the health care system, this freedom enjoys more robust protection; in the pension system, although it is recognized as a principle, there are still restrictions that create tensions between its formal recognition and its effective application.
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Palabras clave
Enfoque, Reforma pensional, Principio, Libertad de escogencia
