Eficacia de la terapia de esquemas en un caso clínico con predominio del esquema de autosacrificio y presencia de esquemas secundarios asociados a trauma interpersonal
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Diaz Ochoa, Liliana Andrea
Parada Jiménez, Keilly Roxana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este estudio se desarrolló mediante un diseño de caso clínico con línea de base tipo A-BA, cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia de la Terapia de Esquemas de Young en la
reestructuración del esquema de autosacrificio y otros esquemas desadaptativos secundarios en un paciente con antecedentes de trauma interpersonal. Para ello, se
emplearon instrumentos como el Cuestionario de Esquemas de Young (YSQ-L3), la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, el Inventario de Depresión IDER Rasgo, el Inventario de
Ansiedad STAI Rasgo, la Escala de Perfeccionismo Multidimensional de Frost y la Escala de Habilidades Sociales de Del Prette. Además, se llevó a cabo una entrevista
semiestructurada para contextualizar la historia clínica y los modos de afrontamiento. Los resultados mostraron una disminución significativa en los esquemas relevantes. El
autosacrificio, esquema central de la intervención, se redujo en un 50,5% (de 93 a 46).
Otros esquemas asociados al trauma interpersonal también presentaron reducciones importantes: abandono/inestabilidad (61%), deprivación emocional (54%),
vergüenza/defectuosidad (58%), indeseabilidad social (52%), fracaso (54%) y autocontrol/autodisciplina insuficiente (51%). Estos cambios reflejan un fortalecimiento del
modo adulto sano y una mayor autorregulación emocional. La autoestima pasó de un nivel bajo a uno medio, mientras que los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión disminuyeron de
manera relevante. Asimismo, el perfeccionismo desadaptativo descendió en todas sus dimensiones y las habilidades sociales aumentaron, favoreciendo interacciones más
asertivas. En conjunto, los hallazgos permiten concluir que la Terapia de Esquemas fue eficaz para modificar el esquema de autosacrificio y otros esquemas secundarios,
promoviendo cambios emocionales, cognitivos y relacionales significativos.
This study was conducted using a clinical case study design with an A-B-A baseline, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of Young's Schema Therapy in restruturing the self-sacrifice schema and other secondary maladaptive schemas in a patient with a history of interpersonal trauma. Instruments used included the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQL3), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the IDER Trait Depression Inventory, the STAI Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Del Prette Social Skills Scale. A semi-structured interview was also conducted to contextualize the patient's clinical history and coping mechanisms. The results showed a significant decrease in the relevant schemas. Self-sacrifice, the central schema of the intervention, was reduced by 50.5% (from 93 to 46). Other schemas associated with interpersonal trauma also showed significant reductions: abandonment/instability (61%), emotional deprivation (54%), shame/defectiveness (58%), social undesirability (52%), failure (54%), and insufficient self-control/self-discipline (51%). These changes reflect a strengthening of the healthy adult mode and greater emotional selfregulation. Self-esteem improved from low to medium, while anxiety and depression scores decreased significantly. Likewise, maladaptive perfectionism decreased in all its dimensions, and social skills increased, fostering more assertive interactions. Taken together, the findings allow us to conclude that Schema Therapy was effective in modifying the self-sacrifice schema and other secondary schemas, promoting significant emotional, cognitive, and relational changes.
This study was conducted using a clinical case study design with an A-B-A baseline, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of Young's Schema Therapy in restruturing the self-sacrifice schema and other secondary maladaptive schemas in a patient with a history of interpersonal trauma. Instruments used included the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQL3), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the IDER Trait Depression Inventory, the STAI Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Del Prette Social Skills Scale. A semi-structured interview was also conducted to contextualize the patient's clinical history and coping mechanisms. The results showed a significant decrease in the relevant schemas. Self-sacrifice, the central schema of the intervention, was reduced by 50.5% (from 93 to 46). Other schemas associated with interpersonal trauma also showed significant reductions: abandonment/instability (61%), emotional deprivation (54%), shame/defectiveness (58%), social undesirability (52%), failure (54%), and insufficient self-control/self-discipline (51%). These changes reflect a strengthening of the healthy adult mode and greater emotional selfregulation. Self-esteem improved from low to medium, while anxiety and depression scores decreased significantly. Likewise, maladaptive perfectionism decreased in all its dimensions, and social skills increased, fostering more assertive interactions. Taken together, the findings allow us to conclude that Schema Therapy was effective in modifying the self-sacrifice schema and other secondary schemas, promoting significant emotional, cognitive, and relational changes.
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Palabras clave
Autosacrificio, Esquemas desadaptativos, Terapia de esquemas, Trauma interpersonal
