Análisis del bloque de constitucionalidad del artículo 136 del código nacional de tránsito y su adecuación al debido proceso administrativo sancionatorio en Colombia
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Parada Sierra, Javier Yamil
Acevedo Bautista, Alexander Douglas
Rodriguez Castellanos, Yennifer Yuliana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la incidencia del bloque de constitucionalidad en la interpretación y aplicación del artículo 136 del Código Nacional de Tránsito, relacionándolo con el procedimiento dispuesto en el artículo 47 del Código de Procedimiento Administrativo y de lo Contencioso Administrativo (CPACA), con la meta de resolver su consenso con los principios que estructuran el debido proceso administrativo sancionatorio.
Metodológicamente, la investigación se desenvuelve bajo un enfoque cualitativo y jurídico-documental, apoyado en el análisis normativo, jurisprudencial y doctrinal, frente a ello, se analizan disposiciones constitucionales, normas legales internas, pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional y del Consejo
de Estado, y los aportes doctrinales relevantes en materia de derecho administrativo sancionador.
El análisis deja de realce que el debido proceso administrativo sancionatorio reclama garantías mínimas, notificación efectiva y oportuna del presunto infractor, el acceso real a la actuación administrativa, posibilidad de presentar descargos y pruebas, decisión motivada por parte de la autoridad competente y respeto por los principios de legalidad, proporcionalidad, imparcialidad y publicidad.
Asimismo, el trabajo destaca que el procedimiento contravencional de tránsito no puede idearse como un trámite solamente operativo o recaudatorio, sino como un real escenario de protección de derechos fundamentales, ya que, la aplicación del artículo 136 debe ajustarse con los parámetros constitucionales e internacionales que componen el bloque de constitucionalidad.
En conclusión, el análisis destaca la necesidad de reforzar los procesos de notificación, garantizando la coherencia entre el Código Nacional de Tránsito y el CPACA.
This paper aims to analyze the impact of the constitutional framework on the interpretation and application of Article 136 of the National Traffic Code, relating it to the procedure established in Article 47 of the Code of Administrative Procedure and Administrative Litigation (CPACA), with the goal of resolving its consistency with the principles that structure due process in administrative sanctions. Methodologically, the research unfolds under a qualitative and legal-documentary approach, supported by normative, jurisprudential, and doctrinal analysis. To this end, constitutional provisions, domestic legal norms, pronouncements of the Constitutional Court and the Council of State, and relevant doctrinal contributions in the field of administrative sanctions law are analyzed. The analysis highlights that due process in administrative sanctions requires minimum guarantees, effective and timely notification of the alleged offender, real access to the administrative proceedings, the opportunity to present defenses and evidence, a reasoned decision by the competent authority, and respect for the principles of legality, proportionality, impartiality, and transparency. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that traffic violation proceedings cannot be conceived as merely an operational or revenue-generating process, but rather as a genuine arena for the protection of fundamental rights. The application of Article 136 must align with the constitutional and international parameters that comprise the constitutional framework, particularly those derived from the American Convention on Human Rights, which enshrines the right to judicial guarantees and due process in any action that establishes rights or obligations for individuals. In conclusion, the analysis highlights the need to strengthen notification processes, ensuring consistency between the National Traffic Code and the CPACA (Code of Administrative Procedure and Administrative Litigation).
This paper aims to analyze the impact of the constitutional framework on the interpretation and application of Article 136 of the National Traffic Code, relating it to the procedure established in Article 47 of the Code of Administrative Procedure and Administrative Litigation (CPACA), with the goal of resolving its consistency with the principles that structure due process in administrative sanctions. Methodologically, the research unfolds under a qualitative and legal-documentary approach, supported by normative, jurisprudential, and doctrinal analysis. To this end, constitutional provisions, domestic legal norms, pronouncements of the Constitutional Court and the Council of State, and relevant doctrinal contributions in the field of administrative sanctions law are analyzed. The analysis highlights that due process in administrative sanctions requires minimum guarantees, effective and timely notification of the alleged offender, real access to the administrative proceedings, the opportunity to present defenses and evidence, a reasoned decision by the competent authority, and respect for the principles of legality, proportionality, impartiality, and transparency. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that traffic violation proceedings cannot be conceived as merely an operational or revenue-generating process, but rather as a genuine arena for the protection of fundamental rights. The application of Article 136 must align with the constitutional and international parameters that comprise the constitutional framework, particularly those derived from the American Convention on Human Rights, which enshrines the right to judicial guarantees and due process in any action that establishes rights or obligations for individuals. In conclusion, the analysis highlights the need to strengthen notification processes, ensuring consistency between the National Traffic Code and the CPACA (Code of Administrative Procedure and Administrative Litigation).
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Palabras clave
Bloque de constitucionalidad, Debido proceso, Derecho administrativo sancionador, Código Nacional de Tránsito, Procedimiento contravencional
