Tensiones jurídicas de la reforma pensional en régimen de transición (Artículo 75 Ley 2381/2024)
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Morales Luna, Juliana Milagros
Valdelamar Arevalo, Tatiana Vanesa
Martinez Montes, Shamanta Valentina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente trabajo examina las tensiones jurídicas derivadas de la aplicación del régimen de transición consagrado en el artículo 75 de la Ley 2381 de 2024, en el contexto de la reforma pensional colombiana. A través de una metodología jurídico-dogmática, se analizan cinco ejes temáticos: la ultraactividad normativa como mecanismo de protección de expectativas legítimas en curso de formación; los antecedentes histórico-legislativos del régimen de transición desde la Ley 6 de 1945 hasta el artículo 36 de la Ley 100 de 1993; las expectativas legítimas que la reforma pensional genera para los afiliados al sistema; y la condición más beneficiosa como instrumento constitucional de protección frente a cambios legislativos regresivos. Se concluye que la declaratoria de ultraactividad integral sobre la Ley 100 representa un avance respecto al alcance parcial del régimen de transición anterior, pero introduce nuevas indeterminaciones normativas sobre la legislación de referencia aplicable, la posibilidad de renuncia voluntaria al régimen y la divergencia de criterios entre la Corte Constitucional y la Sala de Casación Laboral frente a la condición más beneficiosa. La solidez del sistema pensional colombiano depende, en última instancia, de la coherencia y previsibilidad con que estos regímenes de transición sean interpretados y aplicados por los operadores jurídicos.
This paper examines the legal tensions arising from the application of the transitional regime established in Article 75 of Law 2381 of 2024, within the context of the Colombian pension reform. Using a legal-dogmatic methodology, five thematic axes are analyzed: the ultra-activity of legal norms as a mechanism for protecting legitimate expectations in the process of formation; the historical and legislative background of transitional regimes from Law 6 of 1945 to Article 36 of Law 100 of 1993; the legitimate expectations generated by the pension reform forsystem affiliates; and the most favorable condition doctrine as a constitutional instrument of protection against regressive legislative changes. The study concludes that the declaration of comprehensive ultra-activity over Law 100 represents a step forward compared to the partial scope of the previous transitional regime, but introduces new normative uncertainties regarding the applicable reference legislation, the possibility of voluntary waiver of transitional benefits, and the divergence of criteria between the Constitutional Court and the Labor Cassation Chamber regarding the most favorable condition doctrine. The robustness of the Colombian pension system ultimately depends on the coherence and predictability with which these transitional regimes are interpreted and applied by legal practitioners.
This paper examines the legal tensions arising from the application of the transitional regime established in Article 75 of Law 2381 of 2024, within the context of the Colombian pension reform. Using a legal-dogmatic methodology, five thematic axes are analyzed: the ultra-activity of legal norms as a mechanism for protecting legitimate expectations in the process of formation; the historical and legislative background of transitional regimes from Law 6 of 1945 to Article 36 of Law 100 of 1993; the legitimate expectations generated by the pension reform forsystem affiliates; and the most favorable condition doctrine as a constitutional instrument of protection against regressive legislative changes. The study concludes that the declaration of comprehensive ultra-activity over Law 100 represents a step forward compared to the partial scope of the previous transitional regime, but introduces new normative uncertainties regarding the applicable reference legislation, the possibility of voluntary waiver of transitional benefits, and the divergence of criteria between the Constitutional Court and the Labor Cassation Chamber regarding the most favorable condition doctrine. The robustness of the Colombian pension system ultimately depends on the coherence and predictability with which these transitional regimes are interpreted and applied by legal practitioners.
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Palabras clave
Transición pensional, Ultraactividad normativa, Expectativas legítimas, Condición más beneficiosa, Ley 2381 de 2024, Reforma pensional
