Riesgos psicosociales y su impacto en la salud mental y los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores de la región Caribe Colombiana
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Yepez Morales, Liuvis Marcela
Carracedo Mercado, Yuris Marcela
Lubo Barrios, Elvis Manuel
Herrera Rodríguez, Ingrid Isabel
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Los entornos laborales contemporáneos del sector servicios en la región Caribe colombiana combinan altas exigencias organizacionales con condiciones estructurales de informalidad y precariedad, configurando un escenario de exposición sostenida a riesgos psicosociales. Estos riesgos, entendidos como las condiciones laborales que afectan negativamente la salud a través de mecanismos de estrés, han sido asociados en la literatura científica con el deterioro de la salud mental específicamente la sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa y con la aparición y cronificación de trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME). La relación entre estas tres dimensiones es bidireccional y de naturaleza biopsicosocial: el estrés crónico activa el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-suprarrenal, incrementa la tensión muscular sostenida y favorece procesos inflamatorios que subyacen tanto al dolor osteomuscular como al malestar psicológico. A pesar de la existencia de un marco normativo robusto en Colombia que incluye la Resolución 2646 de 2008, la Resolución 2404 de 2019 y la Ley 2460 de 2025, la evidencia sobre esta tríada de variables en la región Caribe sigue siendo escasa, lo que justifica la generación de evidencia empírica local que oriente las estrategias de prevención e intervención en los sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SG-SST).
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre los riesgos psicosociales laborales y su impacto en la salud mental ansiedad y sintomatología depresiva y en la presencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores del sector servicios de Barranquilla, región Caribe colombiana.
Contemporary work environments in the service sector of the Colombian Caribbean region combine high organizational demands with structural conditions of informality and precariousness, creating a scenario of sustained exposure to psychosocial risks. These risks, understood as working conditions that negatively affect health through stress mechanisms, have been associated in the scientific literature with the deterioration of mental health, specifically depressive and anxious symptoms, and with the onset and chronicity of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The relationship between these three dimensions is bidirectional and biopsychosocial in nature: chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increases sustained muscle tension, and promotes inflammatory processes that underlie both musculoskeletal pain and psychological distress. Despite the existence of a robust regulatory framework in Colombia, including Resolution 2646 of 2008, Resolution 2404 of 2019, and Law 2460 of 2025, evidence on this triad of variables in the Caribbean region remains scarce. This justifies the generation of local empirical evidence to guide prevention and intervention strategies in occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS). Objective: To analyze the relationship between psychosocial occupational risks and their impact on mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders in service sector workers in Barranquilla, Colombian Caribbean region.
Contemporary work environments in the service sector of the Colombian Caribbean region combine high organizational demands with structural conditions of informality and precariousness, creating a scenario of sustained exposure to psychosocial risks. These risks, understood as working conditions that negatively affect health through stress mechanisms, have been associated in the scientific literature with the deterioration of mental health, specifically depressive and anxious symptoms, and with the onset and chronicity of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The relationship between these three dimensions is bidirectional and biopsychosocial in nature: chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increases sustained muscle tension, and promotes inflammatory processes that underlie both musculoskeletal pain and psychological distress. Despite the existence of a robust regulatory framework in Colombia, including Resolution 2646 of 2008, Resolution 2404 of 2019, and Law 2460 of 2025, evidence on this triad of variables in the Caribbean region remains scarce. This justifies the generation of local empirical evidence to guide prevention and intervention strategies in occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS). Objective: To analyze the relationship between psychosocial occupational risks and their impact on mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and on the presence of musculoskeletal disorders in service sector workers in Barranquilla, Colombian Caribbean region.
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Palabras clave
Salud mental, Riesgos laborales, Trastornos de traumas acumulados, Salud laboral
